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We present an immunodiagnostic platform to detect this. We identify a panel of amino acid residue biomarkers providing a signature of cancer-specific immune activation associated with tumour development and distinct from autoimmune and infectious diseases, measurable optically in neat blood plasma, and validate within N\u2009=\u2009170 participants. By measuring the total concentrations of cysteine, free cysteine, lysine, tryptophan, and tyrosine protein-incorporated biomarkers and analyzing the results with supervised machine learning, we identify 78% of cancers with 0% false positive rate (N\u2009=\u200997) with an AUROC of 0.95. The cancer, healthy, and autoimmune\/infectious biomarker pattern\u00a0are statistically significantly different (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Smaller-scale changes in biomarker concentrations reveal inter-patient differences in immune activation that predict treatment response. Specific concentration ranges of these biomarkers predict response to Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in advanced breast cancer patients (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), identifying 98% of responders (N\u2009=\u200933). 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C.T., W.S., L.C., E.V.Y. and G.J.L.B. are stockholders of Proteotype Diagnostics Ltd. W.S. and E.V.Y. are employed by Proteotype Diagnostics Ltd. Proteotype Diagnostics Ltd owns a patent application that incorporates a method of identifying the presence and\/or concentration and\/or amount of proteins or proteomes, which is described in this manuscript (EP4196797A1). G.J.L.B. is a Visiting Professor at Xi\u2019an Fengcheng Hospital. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6474"}}