{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1770266644297,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plant-pollinator interactions are essential for plant productivity but face growing threats from climate change, including vegetation loss and mismatches in flowering. Yet, the consequences for bee food resources remain poorly understood at continental scales. Here, we analyse 2 500 samples collected by honey bees (\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) between May and August 2023 from 310 locations across Europe using ITS2 metabarcoding. We derive climatic response curves of floral resources and assess exceedance risks of interaction loss under projected climate scenarios. Our findings reveal that rising temperatures and reduced precipitation decrease the diversity of foraging resources across Europe, pushing many plants beyond critical limits. When both warming and drying coincide, the potential for resilience through temporal or spatial buffering is strongly constrained. These declines pose serious risks to bee nutrition, ecosystem functioning, and food security. Our study underscores the urgency of mitigating climate change to preserve vital plant-pollinator systems and the services they sustain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-68085-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T10:56:54Z","timestamp":1767092214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Honey bee food resources under threat from climate change"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Baveco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Brodschneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem Bastiaan","family":"Buddendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman L.","family":"Carreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2338-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Gratzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6506-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fani","family":"Hatjina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6972-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Kilpinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Roessink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Vejsnaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"van der Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9663-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Alice","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5716-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"68085_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x","volume":"120","author":"J Ollerton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ollerton, J., Winfree, R. & Tarrant, S. How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120, 321\u2013326 (2011).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"68085_CR2","unstructured":"Potts, S. G. et al. IPBES. The Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production; http:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/node\/44781, (2016)."},{"key":"68085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3721","volume":"274","author":"A-M Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein, A.-M. et al. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proc. R. Soc. B. 274, 303\u2013313 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"68085_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-005-5939-7","volume":"70","author":"G Maracchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maracchi, G., Sirotenko, O. & Bindi, M. Impacts of present and future climate variability on agriculture and forestry in the temperate regions: Europe. Clim. Change 70, 117\u2013135 (2005).","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"68085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1161-0301(02)00004-7","volume":"16","author":"JE Olesen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Olesen, J. E. & Bindi, M. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. Eur. J. Agron. 16, 239\u2013262 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"68085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12374-021-09300-x","volume":"64","author":"W Tun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tun, W., Yoon, J., Jeon, J.-S. & An, G. Influence of climate change on flowering time. J. Plant Biol. 64, 193\u2013203 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Plant Biol."},{"key":"68085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07264-9","volume":"629","author":"W-P Chan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan, W.-P. et al. Climate velocities and species tracking in global mountain regions. Nature 629, 114\u2013120 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"68085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0585-z","volume":"57","author":"L Nagy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nagy, L., Kreyling, J., Gellesch, E., Beierkuhnlein, C. & Jentsch, A. Recurring weather extremes alter the flowering phenology of two common temperate shrubs. Int. J. Biometeorol. 57, 579\u2013588 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"68085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412973111","volume":"111","author":"J Scheper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scheper, J. et al. Museum specimens reveal loss of pollen host plants as key factor driving wild bee decline in the Netherlands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, 17552\u201317557 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"68085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-023-00486-8","volume":"27","author":"Z Dominique","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dominique, Z., Sabine, S., Herbert, Z., Christa, H.-R. & Sophie, K. Changes in the wild bee community (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) over 100 years in relation to land use: a case study in a protected steppe habitat in Eastern Austria. J. Insect Conserv. 27, 625\u2013641 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Insect Conserv."},{"key":"68085_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.02.011","volume":"26","author":"A-M Klein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klein, A.-M., Boreux, V., Fornoff, F., Mupepele, A.-C. & Pufal, G. Relevance of wild and managed bees for human well-being. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 26, 82\u201388 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"68085_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232728","volume":"339","author":"LA Burkle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burkle, L. A., Marlin, J. C. & Knight, T. M. Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence, and function. Science 339, 1611\u20131615 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"68085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02121","volume":"427","author":"CD Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas, C. D. et al. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427, 145\u2013148 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"68085_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409902102","volume":"102","author":"W Thuiller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S., Ara\u00fajo, M. B., Sykes, M. T. & Prentice, I. C. Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102, 8245\u20138250 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"68085_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2005.11.001","volume":"16","author":"M Bakkenes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bakkenes, M., Eickhout, B. & Alkemade, R. Impacts of different climate stabilisation scenarios on plant species in Europe. Glob. Environ. Change 16, 19\u201328 (2006).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"68085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), European state of the climate 2023, summary, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/bs9v-8c66 (2024).","DOI":"10.24381\/bs9v-8c66"},{"key":"68085_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1051\/agro:2008066","volume":"29","author":"J Feehan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feehan, J., Harley, M. & van Minnen, J. Climate change in Europe. 1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 29, 409\u2013421 (2009).","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"68085_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67909","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067909","volume":"8","author":"S Cunze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cunze, S., Heydel, F. & Tackenberg, O. Are plant species able to keep pace with the rapidly changing climate? PLoS One 8, e67909 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"68085_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2021.11.013","volume":"37","author":"MA Parre\u00f1o","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parre\u00f1o, M. A. et al. Critical links between biodiversity and health in wild bee conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 37, 309\u2013321 (2022).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"68085_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183716","volume":"12","author":"N Danner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danner, N., Keller, A., H\u00e4rtel, S. & Steffan-Dewenter, I. Honey bee foraging ecology: Season but not landscape diversity shapes the amount and diversity of collected pollen. PLoS One 12, e0183716 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"68085_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107653","volume":"322","author":"J Osterman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Osterman, J. et al. Global trends in the number and diversity of managed pollinator species. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 322, 107653 (2021).","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"68085_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-015-0051-y","volume":"15","author":"W Sickel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sickel, W. et al. Increased efficiency in identifying mixed pollen samples by meta-barcoding with a dual-indexing approach. BMC Ecol. 15, 20 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Ecol."},{"key":"68085_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.06.009","volume":"23","author":"NE Rafferty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rafferty, N. E. Effects of global change on insect pollinators: multiple drivers lead to novel communities. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 23, 22\u201327 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"68085_CR24","unstructured":"Lee, H. & Romero, J. eds. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, (2023)."},{"key":"68085_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16542","volume":"529","author":"SI Seneviratne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seneviratne, S. I., Donat, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Knutti, R. & Wilby, R. L. Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets. Nature 529, 477\u2013483 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"68085_CR26","unstructured":"Nieto, A. et al. European Red List of Bees. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union, Belgium, (2014)."},{"key":"68085_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/17709","volume":"397","author":"A Menzel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Menzel, A. & Fabian, P. Growing season extended in Europe. Nature 397, 659\u2013659 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"68085_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/9\/3\/034006","volume":"9","author":"R Vautard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vautard, R. et al. The European climate under a 2\u2009\u00b0C global warming. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 034006 (2014).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"68085_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034012","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/3\/034012","volume":"11","author":"AJ Ferraro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferraro, A. J. & Griffiths, H. G. Quantifying the temperature-independent effect of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on global-mean precipitation in a multi-model ensemble. Environ. Res. Lett. 11, 034012 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"68085_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16092","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.92","volume":"2","author":"J Settele","year":"2016","unstructured":"Settele, J., Bishop, J. & Potts, S. G. Climate change impacts on pollination. Nat. Plants 2, 16092 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"68085_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasmont, P. et al. Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European Bumblebees Biorisk 10 (Pensoft Publishers, (2015).","DOI":"10.3897\/biorisk.10.4749"},{"key":"68085_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poland, T. M. et al. Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the United States Forest Sector. Springer Nature (2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45367-1"},{"key":"68085_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2024.2386888","volume":"63","author":"A Uzunov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uzunov, A. et al. Apis florea in Europe: first report of the dwarf honey bee in Malta. J. Apic. Res. 63, 1122\u20131125 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"68085_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x","volume":"12","author":"A Menzel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Menzel, A. et al. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Glob. Chang. Biol. 12, 1969\u20131976 (2006).","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"68085_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12168","volume":"83","author":"M Eckhardt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eckhardt, M., Haider, M., Dorn, S. & M\u00fcller, A. Pollen mixing in pollen generalist solitary bees: a possible strategy to complement or mitigate unfavourable pollen properties? J. Anim. Ecol. 83, 588\u2013597 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"68085_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6345","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16689","volume":"32","author":"KL Bell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bell, K. L. et al. Plants, pollinators and their interactions under global ecological change: The role of pollen DNA metabarcoding. Mol. Ecol. 32, 6345\u20136362 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"68085_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255957","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255957","volume":"347","author":"D Goulson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goulson, D., Nicholls, E., Bot\u00edas, C. & Rotheray, E. L. Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers. Science 347, 1255957 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"68085_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.02636","volume":"125","author":"J Horn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horn, J., Becher, M. A., Kennedy, P. J., Osborne, J. L. & Grimm, V. Multiple stressors: using the honeybee model BEEHAVE to explore how spatial and temporal forage stress affects colony resilience. Oikos 125, 1001\u20131016 (2016).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"68085_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13403","volume":"56","author":"TP Timberlake","year":"2019","unstructured":"Timberlake, T. P., Vaughan, I. P. & Memmott, J. Phenology of farmland floral resources reveals seasonal gaps in nectar availability for bumblebees. J. Appl. Ecol. 56, 1585\u20131596 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"68085_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093495","volume":"9","author":"MJ Couvillon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Couvillon, M. J., Sch\u00fcrch, R. & Ratnieks, F. L. W. Waggle dance distances as integrative indicators of seasonal foraging challenges. PLoS One 9, e93495 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"68085_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1011.1","volume":"25","author":"F Requier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Requier, F. et al. Honey bee diet in intensive farmland habitats reveals an unexpectedly high flower richness and a major role of weeds. Ecol. Appl. 25, 881\u2013890 (2015).","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"68085_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2020.12.002","volume":"50","author":"B Elliott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elliott, B. et al. Pollen diets and niche overlap of honey bees and native bees in protected areas. Basic. Appl. Ecol. 50, 169\u2013180 (2021).","journal-title":"Basic. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"68085_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30126-0","volume":"8","author":"BF Kaluza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaluza, B. F. et al. Social bees are fitter in more biodiverse environments. Sci. Rep. 8, 12353 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"68085_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3184\/003685018X15202512854527","volume":"101","author":"CJ Rhodes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rhodes, C. J. Pollinator decline \u2013 an ecological calamity in the making? Sci. Prog. 101, 121\u2013160 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"key":"68085_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2021.01.005","volume":"46","author":"F Menzel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menzel, F. & Feldmeyer, B. How does climate change affect social insects? Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 46, 10\u201315 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"68085_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-021-09563-4","volume":"193","author":"A Quaresma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quaresma, A. et al. Preservation methods of honey bee-collected pollen are not a source of bias in ITS2 metabarcoding. Environ. Monit. Assess. 193, 785 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"68085_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008613","volume":"5","author":"S Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. Validation of the ITS2 Region as a Novel DNA Barcode for Identifying Medicinal Plant Species. PLoS One 5, e8613 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"68085_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, J. S. et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods Applications (eds Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Shinsky, J. J. & White, T. J.) 315\u2013322 Academic Press, (1990).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1"},{"key":"68085_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210171","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0171","volume":"377","author":"SD Leonhardt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leonhardt, S. D., Peters, B. & Keller, A. Do amino and fatty acid profiles of pollen provisions correlate with bacterial microbiomes in the mason bee Osmia bicornis? Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 377, 20210171 (2022).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"68085_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2584","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","volume":"4","author":"T Rognes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rognes, T., Flouri, T., Nichols, B., Quince, C. & Mah\u00e9, F. VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics. PeerJ 4, e2584 (2016).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"68085_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. SINTAX: a simple non-Bayesian taxonomy classifier for 16S and ITS sequences. bioRxiv, 074161 (2016).","DOI":"10.1101\/074161"},{"key":"68085_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-02962-5","volume":"11","author":"A Quaresma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quaresma, A. et al. Semi-automated sequence curation for reliable reference datasets in ITS2 vascular plant DNA (meta-)barcoding. Sci. Data 11, 129 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"68085_CR53","unstructured":"University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit; Harris, I.C.; Jones, P.D.; Osborn, T. (2024): CRU TS4.08: Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series (TS) version 4.08 of high-resolution gridded data of month-by-month variation in climate (Jan. 1901- Dec. 2023). NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, date of citation. https:\/\/catalogue.ceda.ac.uk\/uuid\/715abce1604a42f396f81db83aeb2a4b."},{"key":"68085_CR54","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR55","unstructured":"RStudio Team RStudio: integrated development environment for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/ (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","volume":"8","author":"PJ McMurdie","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMurdie, P. J. & Holmes, S. phyloseq: An R Package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One 8, e61217 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"68085_CR57","unstructured":"Wickham, H., Vaughan, D. & Girlich, M. tidyr: tidy messy data. R package version 1.3.1 https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=tidyr (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR58","unstructured":"McLaren, M. speedyseq: faster implementations of phyloseq functions. R package version 0.5.3.9021 https:\/\/github.com\/mikemc\/speedyseq, (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR59","unstructured":"Wickham, H., Fran\u00e7ois, R., Henry, L., M\u00fcller, K. & Vaughan, D. dplyr: a grammar of data manipulation. R package version 1.1. 2. Computer software (2023)."},{"key":"68085_CR60","unstructured":"Garnier, S. et al. viridis(Lite) - colorblind-friendly color maps for R. viridis package version 0.6.5. (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2174\/1874213000902010007","volume":"2","author":"CF Dormann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dormann, C. F., Fr\u00fcnd, J., Bl\u00fcthgen, N. & Gruber, B. Indices, graphs and null models: analyzing bipartite ecological networks. Open Ecol. J. 2, 7\u201324 (2009).","journal-title":"Open Ecol. J."},{"key":"68085_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. in ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis (ed Hadley Wickham) 189\u2013201 Springer International Publishing, 2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4_9"},{"key":"68085_CR63","unstructured":"Xiao, N. ggsci: scientific journal and sci-fi themed color palettes for \u2018ggplot2\u2019. R package version 30, https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=ggsci (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR64","unstructured":"Yutani, H. gghighlight: highlight lines and points in \u2018ggplot2\u2019. R package version 0.4.1, https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=gghighlight (2023)."},{"key":"68085_CR65","unstructured":"Massicotte, P., South, A. rnatural earth: world map data from natural earth. R package version 11, https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=rnaturalearth (2023)."},{"key":"68085_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-009","volume":"10","author":"EJ Pebesma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pebesma, E. J. Simple features for R: standardized support for spatial vector data. R. J. 10, 439 (2018).","journal-title":"R. J."},{"key":"68085_CR67","unstructured":"Hijmans, R. Geosphere: spherical trigonometry. R package version 1.5-18, https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=geosphere (2022)."},{"key":"68085_CR68","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, M., Mokany, K., Manion, G., Nieto-Lugilde, D., Ferrier, S. gdm: generalized dissimilarity modeling. R package version 1.5.0-9.1, https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=gdm (2022)."},{"key":"68085_CR69","unstructured":"Wickham, H., Pedersen, T., Seidel, D. Scales: scale functions for visualization. R package version 10, (2023). https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=scales."},{"key":"68085_CR70","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation & Weston, S. foreach: provides for each looping construct. R. package version 1, 2 (2022)."},{"key":"68085_CR71","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation & Weston, S. doParallel: foreach parallel adaptor for the \u2018parallel\u2019 Package. R. package version 1, 17 (2022)."},{"key":"68085_CR72","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation & Weston, S. doSNOW: foreach parallel adaptor for the \u2018snow\u2019 Package. R. package version 1, 20 (2022)."},{"key":"68085_CR73","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"G Cs\u00e1rdi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cs\u00e1rdi, G. & FitzJohn, R. Progress: terminal progress bars. R. Package version 1, 3 (2023).","journal-title":"R. Package version"},{"key":"68085_CR74","unstructured":"Pedersen T. patchwork: the composer of plots. R package version 1.3.0.9000, https:\/\/github.com\/thomasp85\/patchwork (2024)."},{"key":"68085_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0399-7","volume":"2","author":"SL Pimm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pimm, S. L., Donohue, I., Montoya, J. M. & Loreau, M. Measuring resilience is essential to understand it. Nat. Sustain. 2, 895\u2013897 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"68085_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/307321a0","volume":"307","author":"SL Pimm","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pimm, S. L. The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 307, 321\u2013326 (1984).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"68085_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keller, A., Quaresma, A. & Pinto, A. M. Data and code for \u201cHoney bee food resources under threat from climate change\u201d. Zenodo, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17578272 (2025).","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.17578272"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-68085-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-68085-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-68085-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:03:28Z","timestamp":1770217408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-68085-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["68085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-68085-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1331"}}