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Here we investigate the role of long-duration electricity storage and geographical balancing through transmission in dealing with such events in Europe, combining a time series analysis of renewable availability with power sector modeling of 35 historical weather years. We find that extreme droughts define long-duration storage operation and investment. Assuming policy-relevant interconnection, the least-cost system in our model capable of coping with the most extreme event requires 351 terawatt hours long-duration storage capacity, corresponding to 7% of yearly European electricity demand. While nuclear power can partially reduce storage needs, the storage-mitigating effect of fossil backup plants in combination with carbon removal is limited. Policymakers and system planners should prepare for a rapid expansion of long-duration storage to safeguard the renewable energy transition in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-72681-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T14:56:49Z","timestamp":1778338609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kittel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6981-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolf-Peter","family":"Schill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"72681_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2017.07.005","volume":"1","author":"MZ Jacobson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jacobson, M. 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