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However, current approaches such as top-down fabrication and bottom-up assembly remain constrained by cost, scalability, or limited programmability. Fungal mycelium\u2014the largest natural ion transport network in soil\u2014offers a living bio-derived route to nanofluidics. Here, we harness mycelium\u2019s self-growth and hyphal anastomosis to construct nanofluidic structures that autonomously conform to confined geometries. With interconnected fibrous networks, nanoscale porosity, and negatively charged surfaces (\u22122.8 to \u22124.1 mC m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), multispecies mycelium generates in situ adaptive pathways through channels, gaps, and open volumes. Specifically, a mycelium-integrated microchannel achieves a pH-gating switch ratio of up to 3.0 and a 55-fold enrichment for dilute cation detection. These results establish the principle that nanofluidic functionality can be biologically grown rather than fabricated, introducing a scalable, sustainable, and geometrically adaptable platform. By bypassing lithography and energy-intensive processing, this bio-derived strategy may enable living and self-organizing ion transport networks with potential applications in sensing, ionic computing, and energy conversion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-72999-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:52:55Z","timestamp":1778856775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-grown mycelium in confined geometries as nanofluidic devices"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1281-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qilong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8497-8871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanpei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Warsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2626-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna S.","family":"Siwy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7262-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Bonito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1087-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"72999_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.80.839","volume":"80","author":"RB Schoch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schoch, R. 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