{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T13:22:45Z","timestamp":1787404965590,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI16456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI16456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Post-treatment HIV controllers (PTC) offer a unique opportunity to uncover the determinants of durable remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption. Here, using six PTC and six post-treatment non-controllers from the pVISCONTI study in cynomolgus macaques, we identify associations between Natural Killer (NK) cell subsets and outcomes following ART interruption. NKG2Ahigh NK cells lacking NKp30\/NKp46 (NKG2AhighNKp30-NKp46-), shaped by the MHC backgrounds of the animals, were linked to improved post-treatment control; this NK subset displayed tissue-homing potential and preserved functionality despite infection, characterized by cytokine production and degranulation. Conversely, NKG2AlowNKp30\u2009+\u2009NKp46+ NK cells exhibited reduced cytotoxic potential and elevated IL-10\/IL-17A production, and their pre-infection levels were associated with higher viremia and larger viral reservoirs after ART interruption. Our study suggests that constitutive NK cell features, preserved by early ART initiation, may provide a favorable immune environment for post-treatment control. Our findings identify the NKG2A axis as a potential target to improve outcomes after ART interruption<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-76699-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T12:35:25Z","timestamp":1787402125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constitutive natural killer cell features associated with post-treatment control of SIV infection in the pVISCONTI study"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Chapel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Romero-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0813-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Passaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8599-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Monceaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stevenn","family":"Volant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-3914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Desjardins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeline","family":"Melard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Dereuddre-Bosquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rouzioux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Avettand-Fenoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3854-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"M\u00fcller-Trutwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4928-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Le Grand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2406-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asier","family":"S\u00e1ez-Ciri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-76699-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T12:35:26Z","timestamp":1787402126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-76699-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["76699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-76699-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}