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Toward physical QRAM implementations, Chen et al. (2021) recently showed that QRAM maps natively onto optically connected quantum networks with <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$O(\\log (N))$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>log<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> overhead and built-in error detection. However, modeling QRAM on large networks has been stymied by exponentially rising classical compute requirements. Here, we address this bottleneck by: (1) introducing a resource-efficient method for simulating large-scale noisy entanglement, allowing us to evaluate hundreds and even thousands of qubits under various noise channels; and (2) analyzing Chen et al.\u2019s network-based QRAM as an application at the scale of quantum data centers or near-term quantum internet; and (3) introducing a modified network-based QRAM architecture to improve quantum fidelity and access rate. We conclude that network-based QRAM could be built with existing or near-term technologies leveraging photonic integrated circuits and atomic or atom-like quantum memories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-023-00773-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T04:02:17Z","timestamp":1697774537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Resource-efficient simulation of noisy quantum circuits and application to network-enabled QRAM optimization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Bugalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Zambrini","family":"Cruzeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0983-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1043-3489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"773_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23474","volume":"549","author":"J Biamonte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biamonte, J. et al. 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