{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T18:36:19Z","timestamp":1778006179922,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Astron"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0684-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T17:03:59Z","timestamp":1549299839000},"page":"416-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["A giant impact as the likely origin of different twins in the Kepler-107 exoplanet system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6177-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo S.","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1957-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Damasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zo\u00eb M.","family":"Leinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders B.","family":"Justesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mikkel N.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Malavolta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Silva Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1605-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars A.","family":"Buchhave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8835-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Corsaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Denman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Lopez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Mortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sozzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Vanderburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Affer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Arentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Benbakoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bouchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Christensen-Dalsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Collier Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Courtney D.","family":"Dressing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Dumusque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aldo F. M.","family":"Fiorenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8725-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus","family":"Handberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Avet","family":"Harutyunyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Kjeldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Lovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8661-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia S.","family":"Lundkvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Savita","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Mayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giusi","family":"Micela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1742-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Molinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Motalebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Nascimbeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chantanelle","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Piotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ennio","family":"Poretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitar","family":"Sasselov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Damien","family":"S\u00e9gransan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Udry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/770\/2\/131","volume":"770","author":"JJ Lissauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lissauer, J. J. et al. All six planets known to orbit Kepler-11 have low densities. Astrophys. J. 770, 131 (2013).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/800\/2\/135","volume":"800","author":"CD Dressing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dressing, C. D. et al. The mass of Kepler-93b and the composition of terrestrial planets. Astrophys. J. 800, 135 (2015).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0420-5","volume":"2","author":"A Santerne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santerne, A. et al. An Earth-sized planet with a Mercury-like composition. Nat. Astron. 2, 393\u2013400 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Astron."},{"key":"684_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlichting, H. E. in Handbook of Exoplanets (eds Deeg, H. & Belmonte, J.) 2345\u20132364 (Springer, Cham, 2018).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55333-7_141"},{"key":"684_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/761\/1\/59","volume":"761","author":"ED Lopez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lopez, E. D., Fortney, J. J. & Miller, N. How thermal evolution and mass-loss sculpt populations of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes: application to the Kepler-11 system and beyond. Astrophys. J. 761, 59 (2012).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/812\/2\/164","volume":"812","author":"SF Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, S.-F., Hori, S., Lin, D. N. C. & Asphaug, E. Giant impact: an efficient mechanism for devolatilization of super-Earths. Astrophys. J. 812, 164 (2015).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/792\/1\/1","volume":"792","author":"E Lopez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lopez, E. & Fortney, J. J. Understanding the mass-radius relation for sub-Neptunes: radius as a proxy for composition. Astrophys. J. 792, 17 (2014).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11201","volume":"7","author":"MS Lundkvist","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lundkvist, M. S. et al. Hot super-Earths stripped by their host stars. Nat. Commun. 7, 11201 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"684_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/784\/1\/45","volume":"784","author":"JF Rowe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rowe, J. F. et al. Validation of Kepler\u2019s multiple planet candidates. III. Light curve analysis and announcement of hundreds of new multi-planet systems. Astrophys. J. 784, 45 (2014).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L73","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/712\/1\/L73","volume":"712","author":"RA Marcus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marcus, R. A., Sasselov, D., Hernquist, L. & Stewart, S. T. Minimum radii of super-Earths: constraints from giant impacts. Astrophys. J. Lett. 712, L73\u2013L76 (2010).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1086\/509497","volume":"654","author":"C Terquem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terquem, C. & Papaloizou, J. C. B. Migration and the formation of systems of hot super-Earths and Neptunes. Astrophys. J. 654, 1110\u20131120 (2007).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/808\/2\/126","volume":"808","author":"V Van Eylen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Eylen, V. & Albrecht, S. Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities. Astrophys. J. 808, 126 (2015).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3847\/0067-0049\/225\/1\/9","volume":"225","author":"T Holczer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holczer, T. et al. Transit timing observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the full long-cadence data set. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 225, 9 (2016).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser."},{"key":"684_CR14","first-page":"84461V","volume-title":"Proc. SPIE","author":"R Cosentino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cosentino, R. et al. HARPS-N: the new planet hunter at TNG. Proc. SPIE 8446, 84461V (2012)."},{"key":"684_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11121","volume":"486","author":"LA Buchhave","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buchhave, L. A. et al. An abundance of small planets around stars with a wide range of metallicities. Nature 486, 375\u2013377 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"684_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1388","volume":"452","author":"V Silva Aguirre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva Aguirre, V. et al. Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 452, 2127\u20132148 (2015).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/767\/2\/127","volume":"767","author":"D Huber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huber, D. et al. Fundamental properties of Kepler planet-candidate host stars using asteroseismology. Astrophys. J. 767, 127 (2013).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424617","volume":"572","author":"AS Bonomo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonomo, A. S. et al. Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N. A hot super-Neptune with an Earth-sized low-mass companion. Astron. Astrophys. 572, A2 (2014).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A69","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732459","volume":"615","author":"M Damasso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Damasso, M. et al. Eyes on K2-3: a system of three likely sub-Neptunes characterized with HARPS-N and HARPS. Astron. Astrophys. 615, A69 (2018).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1086\/669163","volume":"125","author":"L Zeng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zeng, L. & Sasselov, D. A detailed model grid for solid planets from 0.1 to 100 Earth masses. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 125, 227 (2013).","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac."},{"key":"684_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/776\/1\/2","volume":"776","author":"E Lopez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lopez, E. & Fortney, J. J. The role of core mass in controlling evaporation: the Kepler radius distribution and the Kepler-36 density dichotomy. Astrophys. J. 776, 2 (2013).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/745\/1\/79","volume":"745","author":"ZM Leinhardt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leinhardt, Z. M. & Stewart, S. T. Collisions between gravity-dominated bodies. I. Outcome regimes and scaling laws. Astrophys. J. 745, 79 (2012).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L118","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/700\/2\/L118","volume":"700","author":"RA Marcus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marcus, R. A., Stewart, S. T., Sasselov, D. & Hernquist, L.Collisional stripping and disruption of super-Earths. Astrophys. J. Lett. 700, L118\u2013L122 (2009).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aad8b0","volume":"865","author":"A Chau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chau, A., Reinhardt, C., Helled, R. & Stadel, J. Forming Mercury by giant impacts. Astrophys. J. 865, 35 (2018).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A93","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201730885","volume":"608","author":"EW Guenther","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guenther, E. W. et al. K2-106, a system containing a metal-rich planet and a planet of lower density. Astron. Astrophys. 608, A93 (2017).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebel, D. S. & Stewart, S. T. in Mercury: The View After MESSENGER (eds Solomon, S. C., Nittler, L. R. & Anderson, B. J.) 497\u2013515 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2018).","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316650684.019"},{"key":"684_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benz, W., Anic, A., Horner, J. & Whitby, J. A. in Mercury (eds Balogh, A. et al.) Space Sciences Series of ISSI Vol. 26, 7\u201320 (Springer, New York, 2008).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77539-5_2"},{"key":"684_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JE005333","volume":"123","author":"SJ Lock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lock, S. J. et al. The origin of the Moon within a terrestrial synestia. J. Geophys. Res. 123, 910\u2013951 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"684_CR29","first-page":"987","volume":"9","author":"VS Safronov","year":"1966","unstructured":"Safronov, V. S. Sizes of the largest bodies falling onto the planets during their formation. Sov. Astron. 9, 987\u2013991 (1966).","journal-title":"Sov. Astron."},{"key":"684_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aada83","volume":"866","author":"TA Berger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berger, T. A. et al. Revised radii of Kepler stars and planets using Gaia Data Release 2. Astrophys. J. 866, 99 (2018).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L87","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/713\/2\/L87","volume":"713","author":"JM Jenkins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jenkins, J. M. et al. Overview of the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline. Astrophys. J. Lett. 713, L87\u2013L91 (2010).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A110","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201219780","volume":"547","author":"AS Bonomo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonomo, A. S. et al. Detection of Neptune-size planetary candidates with CoRoT data. Comparison with the planet occurrence rate derived from Kepler. Astron. Astrophys. 547, A110 (2012).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1823","volume":"445","author":"R Handberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Handberg, R. & Lund, M. N. Automated preparation of Kepler time series of planet hosts for asteroseismic analysis. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 445, 2698\u20132709 (2014).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3933.2011.01042.x","volume":"414","author":"RA Garc\u00eda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, R. A. et al. Preparation of Kepler light curves for asteroseismic analyses. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 414, L6\u2013L10 (2011).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1086\/133014","volume":"104","author":"H Kjeldsen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kjeldsen, H. & Frandsen, S. High-precision time-resolved CCD photometry. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. 104, 413\u2013434 (1992).","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif."},{"key":"684_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A56","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201015451","volume":"527","author":"R Handberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Handberg, R. & Campante, T. L. Bayesian peak-bagging of solar-like oscillators using MCMC: a comprehensive guide. Astron. Astrophys. 527, A56 (2011).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/835\/2\/172","volume":"835","author":"MN Lund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lund, M. N. et al. Standing on the shoulders of dwarfs: the Kepler Asteroseismic LEGACY Sample. I. Oscillation mode parameters. Astrophys. J. 835, 172 (2017).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A71","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424181","volume":"571","author":"E Corsaro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corsaro, E. & De Ridder, J. DIAMONDS: a new Bayesian nested sampling tool. Application to peak bagging of solar-like oscillations. Astron. Astrophys. 571, A71 (2014).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L3","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/742\/1\/L3","volume":"742","author":"TR White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White, T. R. et al. Asteroseismic diagrams from a survey of solar-like oscillations with Kepler. Astrophys. J. Lett. 742, L3 (2011).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv2593","volume":"456","author":"GR Davies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davies, G. R. et al. Oscillation frequencies for 35 Kepler solar-type planet-hosting stars using Bayesian techniques and machine learning. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 456, 2183\u20132195 (2016).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A95","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424537","volume":"572","author":"A Mortier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mortier, A. et al. Correcting the spectroscopic surface gravity using transits and asteroseismology. No significant effect on temperatures or metallicities with ARES and MOOG in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Astron. Astrophys. 572, A95 (2014).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A106","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322240","volume":"558","author":"A Mortier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mortier, A. et al. New and updated stellar parameters for 90 transit hosts. The effect of the surface gravity. Astron. Astrophys. 558, A106 (2013).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222","volume":"47","author":"M Asplund","year":"2009","unstructured":"Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A. J. & Scott, P. The chemical composition of the Sun. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 481\u2013522 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10509-007-9606-5","volume":"316","author":"A Weiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weiss, A. & Schlattl, H. GARSTEC\u2014the Garching Stellar Evolution Code. The direct descendant of the legendary Kippenhahn code. Astrophys. Space Sci. 316, 99\u2013106 (2008).","journal-title":"Astrophys. Space Sci."},{"key":"684_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10509-007-9689-z","volume":"316","author":"J Christensen-Dalsgaard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. ADIPLS\u2014the Aarhus adiabatic oscillation package. Astrophys. Space Sci. 316, 113\u2013120 (2008).","journal-title":"Astrophys. Space Sci."},{"key":"684_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1086\/173695","volume":"421","author":"AA Thoul","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thoul, A. A., Bahcall, J. N. & Loeb, A. Element diffusion in the solar interior. Astrophys. J. 421, 828\u2013842 (1994).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR47","first-page":"497","volume":"313","author":"B Freytag","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freytag, B., Ludwig, H.-G. & Steffen, M. Hydrodynamical models of stellar convection. The role of overshoot in DA white dwarfs, A-type stars, and the Sun. Astron. Astrophys. 313, 497\u2013516 (1996).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L175","DOI":"10.1086\/591667","volume":"683","author":"H Kjeldsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kjeldsen, H., Bedding, T. R. & Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Correcting stellar oscillation frequencies for near-surface effects. Astrophys. J. Lett. 683, L175 (2008).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/769\/2\/141","volume":"769","author":"V Silva Aguirre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silva Aguirre, V. et al. Stellar ages and convective cores in field main-sequence stars: first asteroseismic application to two Kepler targets. Astrophys. J. 769, 141 (2013).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20020433","volume":"388","author":"F Pepe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pepe, F. et al. The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets VII. Two short-period Saturnian companions to HD 108147 and HD 168746. Astron. Astrophys. 388, 632\u2013638 (2002).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aa6897","volume":"153","author":"L Malavolta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malavolta, L. et al. The Kepler-19 system: a thick-envelope super-Earth with two Neptune-mass companions characterized using radial velocities and transit timing variations. Astron. J. 153, 224 (2017).","journal-title":"Astron. J."},{"key":"684_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A4","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201014354","volume":"528","author":"I Boisse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boisse, I. et al. Disentangling between stellar activity and planetary transits. Astron. Astrophys. 528, A4 (2011).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1086\/161945","volume":"279","author":"RW Noyes","year":"1984","unstructured":"Noyes, R. W., Hartmann, L. W., Baliunas, S. L., Duncan, D. K. & Vaughan, A. H. Rotation, convection, and magnetic activity in lower main-sequence stars. Astrophys. J. 279, 763\u2013777 (1984).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:200811296","volume":"496","author":"M Zechmeister","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zechmeister, M. & K\u00fcrster, M. The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms. Astron. Astrophys. 496, 577\u2013584 (2009).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1086\/432594","volume":"631","author":"PC Gregory","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gregory, P. C. A Bayesian analysis of extrasolar planet data for HD 73526. Astrophys. J. 631, 1198\u20131214 (2005).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L29","DOI":"10.1086\/592818","volume":"686","author":"S Matsumura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsumura, S., Takeda, G. & Rasio, F. A. On the origins of eccentric close-in planets. Astrophys. J. Lett. 686, L29 (2008).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10569-016-9695-y","volume":"126","author":"V Lainey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lainey, V. Quantification of tidal parameters from Solar System data. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astr. 126, 145\u2013156 (2016).","journal-title":"Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astr."},{"key":"684_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.1999.02379.x","volume":"304","author":"JE Chambers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chambers, J. E. A hybrid symplectic integrator that permits close encounters between massive bodies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304, 793\u2013799 (1999).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1086\/669497","volume":"125","author":"J Eastman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eastman, J., Gaudi, B. S. & Agol, E. EXOFAST: a fast exoplanetary fitting suite in IDL. Publ. Astron. Soc.Pacif. 125, 83 (2013).","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc.Pacif."},{"key":"684_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1320","volume":"443","author":"R Haywood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haywood, R. et al. Planets and stellar activity: hide and seek in the CoRoT-7 system. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 443, 2517\u20132531 (2014).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR61","unstructured":"Feroz, F., Hobson, M. P., Cameron, E. & Pettitt, A. N. Importance nested sampling and the MultiNest algorithm. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1306.2144 (2014)."},{"key":"684_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A125","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322971","volume":"564","author":"J Buchner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buchner, J. et al. X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue. Astron. Astrophys. 564, A125 (2014).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","volume":"90","author":"RE Kass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kass, R. E. & Raftery, A. E. Bayes factors. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 90, 773\u2013795 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"684_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11431","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604692113","volume":"113","author":"JW Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie, J.-W. et al. Exoplanet orbital eccentricities derived from LAMOST-Kepler analysis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 11431\u201311435 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"684_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A38","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424080","volume":"571","author":"L Borsato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borsato, L. et al. TRADES: a new software to derive orbital parameters from observed transit times and radial velocities. Revisiting Kepler-11 and Kepler-9. Astron. Astrophys. 571, A38 (2014).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A85","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201323042","volume":"575","author":"AS Bonomo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonomo, A. S. et al. Improved parameters of seven Kepler giant companions characterized with SOPHIE and HARPS-N. Astron. Astrophys. 575, A85 (2015).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L171","DOI":"10.1086\/345520","volume":"580","author":"K Mandel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mandel, K. & Agol, E. Analytic light curves for planetary transit searches. Astrophys. J. 580, L171\u2013L175 (2002).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stt1435","volume":"435","author":"D Kipping","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kipping, D. Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 435, 2152\u20132160 (2013).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809370","volume":"482","author":"A Claret","year":"2008","unstructured":"Claret, A. Testing the limb-darkening coefficients measured from eclipsing binaries. Astron. Astrophys. 482, 259\u2013266 (2008).","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"684_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/781\/2\/67","volume":"781","author":"A Fogtmann-Schulz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fogtmann-Schulz, A. et al. Accurate parameters of the oldest known rocky-exoplanet hosting system: Kepler-10 revisited. Astrophys. J. 781, 67 (2014).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/761\/2\/122","volume":"761","author":"Y Lithwick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lithwick, Y., Xie, J. & Wu, Y. Extracting planet mass and eccentricity from TTV data. Astrophys. J. 761, 122 (2012).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17445","volume":"533","author":"SM Mills","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mills, S. M. et al. A resonant chain of four transiting, sub-Neptune planets. Nature 533, 509\u2013512 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"684_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa965a","volume":"850","author":"B Brugger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Deleuil, M. & Deschamps, F. Constraints on super-Earth interiors from stellar abundances. Astrophys. J. 850, 93 (2017).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(72)90078-6","volume":"36","author":"L Grossman","year":"1972","unstructured":"Grossman, L. Condensation in the primitive solar nebula. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 36, 597\u2013619 (1972).","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"684_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx1558","volume":"472","author":"ED Lopez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lopez, E. D. Born dry in the photoevaporation desert: Kepler\u2019s ultra-short-period planets formed water-poor. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 472, 245\u2013253 (2011).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L19","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/742\/2\/L19","volume":"742","author":"Y Miguel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miguel, Y., Kaltenegger, L., Fegley, B. & Schaefer, L. Compositions of hot super-Earth atmospheres: exploring Kepler candidates. Astrophys. J. Lett. 742, L19 (2011).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"684_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/828\/2\/80","volume":"828","author":"ES Kite","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kite, E. S., Fegley, B. Jr, Schaefer, L. & Gaidos, E. Atmosphere-interior exchange on hot, rocky exoplanets. Astrophys. J. 828, 80 (2016).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2014.09.053","volume":"247","author":"HE Schlichting","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schlichting, H. E., Sari, R. & Yalinewich, A. Atmospheric mass loss during planet formation: the importance of planetesimal impacts. Icarus 247, 81\u201394 (2015).","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"684_CR79","first-page":"80","volume":"828","author":"KJ Zahnle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zahnle, K. J. & Catling, D. C. The cosmic shoreline: the evidence that escape determines which planets have atmospheres, and what this may mean for Proxima Centauri B. Astrophys. J. 828, 80 (2017).","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"684_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2005.09655.x","volume":"364","author":"V Springel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Springel, V. The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 364, 1105\u20131134 (2005).","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"684_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225542","volume":"338","author":"M \u0106uk","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u0106uk, M. & Stewart, S. T. Making the moon from a fast-spinning Earth: a giant impact followed by resonant despinning. Science 338, 1047\u20131052 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"684_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2005.11.021","volume":"181","author":"D Valencia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valencia, D., O\u2019Connell, R. J. & Sasselov, D. Internal structure of massive terrestrial planets. Icarus 181, 545\u2013555 (2006).","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"684_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.1999.6204","volume":"142","author":"W Benz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Benz, W. & Asphaug, E. Catastrophic disruptions revisited. Icarus 142, 5\u201320 (1999).","journal-title":"Icarus"}],"container-title":["Nature Astronomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-018-0684-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-018-0684-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-018-0684-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:15:53Z","timestamp":1732752953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-018-0684-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41550-018-0684-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-3366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-3366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}