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However, the extent to which future global habitats of threatened marine megafauna will overlap existing human threats remains unresolved. Here we use global climate models and habitat suitability estimated from long-term satellite-tracking data of the world\u2019s largest fish, the whale shark, to show that redistributions of present-day habitats are projected to increase the species\u2019 co-occurrence with global shipping. Our model projects core habitat area losses of &gt;50% within some national waters by 2100, with geographic shifts of over 1,000\u2009km (\u223c12\u2009km\u2009yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Greater habitat suitability is predicted in current range-edge areas, increasing the co-occurrence of sharks with large ships. This future increase was \u223c15,000\u2009times greater under high emissions compared with a sustainable development scenario. Results demonstrate that climate-induced global species redistributions that increase exposure to direct sources of mortality are possible, emphasizing the need for quantitative climate-threat predictions in conservation assessments of endangered marine megafauna.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-024-02129-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T16:01:48Z","timestamp":1728316908000},"page":"1282-1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Climate-driven global redistribution of an ocean giant predicts increased threat from shipping"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freya C.","family":"Womersley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara L.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3741-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas E.","family":"Humphries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K\u00e1tya","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4708-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steffen S.","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2463-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Berumen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra Bessudo","family":"Lion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Camrin D.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Clingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jesse E. 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