{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:56:01Z","timestamp":1774716961480,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Ecol Evol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society\u2019s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3\u2009years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony\u2014whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-025-02786-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:41:54Z","timestamp":1752136914000},"page":"1585-1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panu","family":"Somervuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2957-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Roslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5195-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bess","family":"Hardwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8780-6044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deirdre","family":"Kerdraon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimby","family":"Raharinjanahary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric Tsiriniaina","family":"Rajoelison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7204-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Lauha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9325-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Griem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petteri","family":"Lehikoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-029X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Niittynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esko","family":"Piirainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Lumme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ville-Matti","family":"Riihikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Acevedo-Charry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4945-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solny A.","family":"Adalsteinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6650-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Alcobia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00f3n","family":"Aldar\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2850-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel R.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2299-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sten","family":"Anslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1842-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta Soledad","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Arroyo Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3992-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Aster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Autto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anahi","family":"Aviles Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6092-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Baixeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Baldauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7245-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Balestrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gaia Giedre","family":"Banelyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8164-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Beja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas Olof","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4313-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bergerot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Biro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2130-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro G.","family":"Blendinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Bollache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Bou Dagher Kharrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Bridell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martyn","family":"Brotherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1026-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie Robert","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Buscardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nokuphila","family":"Buthelezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4836-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Cagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5884-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Calvente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8803-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Carre\u00f3n-Palau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Carriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley S.","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5840-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenyu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Mat\u00edas","family":"Chaparro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chi-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chicoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Christensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7991-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Collado Rosique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William","family":"Colom Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo do Sacramento","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds P.","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0633-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anamaria","family":"Dal Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tad","family":"Dallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Carla","family":"de Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9960-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Arturo","family":"Del \u00c1ngel-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0460-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"D\u00edaz-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8294-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Dirnb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ika","family":"Djukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philile","family":"Dladla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8775-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerem\u00edas","family":"Dom\u00ednguez Masciale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8742-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Dorigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7390-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Errol","family":"Douwes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3469-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"Ekrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Enderskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charlotta","family":"Erefur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Fahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Falahati-Anbaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Ferland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axa","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5864-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Freiberga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Frosch-Radivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Ganchozo Intriago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Garzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Giacomotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andros T.","family":"Gianuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9083-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Gilg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Gilg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fanney","family":"G\u00edslad\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Glowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Gottsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Gregoire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elli","family":"Groner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aimee Michelle","family":"Guile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9340-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fazal","family":"Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Haidegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leivur Janus","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lars Holst","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5261-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reid","family":"Harrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Havn\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Herrera B\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris C. Y.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Hohenb\u00fchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marketa","family":"Houska Tahadlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"H\u00e4nninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda","family":"H\u00f6glund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kolbr\u00fan","family":"\u00cd Haraldsstovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Imbeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Inkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-7766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masae Iwamoto","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abigail C.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9797-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Kager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhea","family":"Kahale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oula","family":"Kalttop\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth Wanjiru","family":"Karai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dave","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kaus-Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7098-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asghar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9667-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qaisar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7612-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keishi","family":"Kimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shadrack Chumo","family":"Kipngetich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6349-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Klante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Klemedtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e5rten","family":"Klinth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Kotakorpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5378-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes-Katharina","family":"Kreiling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-3080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmgard","family":"Krisai-Greilhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-8457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Langenheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kalevi","family":"Laurila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5309-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascaline","family":"Le Gouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8473-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Lecomte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1440-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Lecomte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2997-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Moraes","family":"Leitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0925-3421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daijiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6212-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Loehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2278-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Lopez-Vaamonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehsen","family":"Makari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4071-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Giselle","family":"Mangini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Maroschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vanessa A.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thais","family":"Mazzafera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9541-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul G.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Meinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayra","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela M.","family":"Mendoza-Henao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Mosbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Moyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Mrazova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Mteshane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy Wangari","family":"Mungai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Herraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Murillo-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5549-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Musazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4464-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Mutanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Navarro Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Ndlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annegret","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6906-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Niessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni","family":"Nord\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7983-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Orru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1204-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yurani Nayive","family":"Pantoja-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7241-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Pentinsaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pilloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Pinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3115-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago A.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"P\u00f5lme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2001-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke L.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Pr\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Pulido-Santacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Queralt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3908-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Tristan","family":"Quilantang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Rankinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Micaela Del Valle","family":"Rasino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2544-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3613-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Remmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Retz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Evelin","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2704-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Rivas Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hanna M. K.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1604-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas T.","family":"Ros\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sidney","family":"Ros\u00e1rio Da Ros\u00e0rio da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"R\u00fctting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Sahlst\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2927-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teppo","family":"Salmirinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Santos-Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Sawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schattanek-Wiesmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pauliina","family":"Schiestl-Aalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4166-6218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels Martin","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Seibold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupert","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Malibongwe","family":"Sithole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Sivault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Smerczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9633-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaka","family":"Soda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata S.","family":"Sousa-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5302-0932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Stanisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daleen","family":"Steenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Stengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3087-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem Maartin","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7796-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Stur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2101-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maija","family":"Sujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne","family":"Sundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00f3n\u00edna","family":"Svavarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leho","family":"Tedersoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saana","family":"Tepsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maor Tiko","family":"Tikochinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esa-Pekka","family":"Tuominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Tweraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9081-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Ulloa Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Uusitalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Vallinm\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Vannier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Vatka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silja","family":"Veikkolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1635-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Vernes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7755-187X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6626-2925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Weslien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2795-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana Helga","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"\u00d6vergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otso","family":"Ovaskainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pijanowski, B. C. Principles of Soundscape Ecology\u2014Discovering Our Sonic World (Univ. Chicago Press, 2024).","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226824284.001.0001"},{"key":"2786_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.3.6","volume":"61","author":"BC Pijanowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pijanowski, B. C. et al. Soundscape ecology: the science of sound in the landscape. Bioscience 61, 203\u2013216 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"2786_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0929","volume":"56","author":"JC Daniel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Daniel, J. C. & Blumstein, D. T. A test of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis in four species of marmots. Anim. Behav. 56, 1517\u20131528 (1998).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2786_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1998.0219","volume":"353","author":"HC Bennet-Clark","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bennet-Clark, H. C. Size and scale effects as constraints in insect sound communication. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353, 407\u2013419 (1998).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"2786_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-005-7755-x","volume":"21","author":"A Farina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farina, A. & Belgrano, A. The eco-field hypothesis: toward a cognitive landscape. Landsc. Ecol. 21, 5\u201317 (2006).","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gil, D. & Brumm, H. in Avian Urban Ecology\u2014Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations (eds Gil, D. & Brumm, H.) 69\u201383 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2014).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:osobl\/9780199661572.003.0006"},{"key":"2786_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894232","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2022.894232","volume":"10","author":"E Grinfeder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grinfeder, E., Lorenzi, C., Haupert, S. & Sueur, J. What do we mean by \u201csoundscape\u201d? A functional description. Front. Ecol. Evol. 10, 894232 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12304-021-09402-6","volume":"14","author":"A Farina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farina, A., Eldridge, A. & Li, P. Ecoacoustics and multispecies semiosis: naming, semantics, semiotic characteristics, and competencies. Biosemiotics 14, 141\u2013165 (2021).","journal-title":"Biosemiotics"},{"key":"2786_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pijanowski, B. C. & Fuenzalida, F. R. in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity 3rd edn (ed. Scheiner, S. M.) 408\u2013431 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822562-2.00381-9"},{"key":"2786_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-011-9600-8","volume":"26","author":"BC Pijanowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pijanowski, B. C., Farina, A., Gage, S. H., Dumyahn, S. L. & Krause, B. L. What is soundscape ecology? An introduction and overview of an emerging new science. Landsc. Ecol. 26, 1213\u20131232 (2011).","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2307\/4080066","volume":"64","author":"AA Saunders","year":"1947","unstructured":"Saunders, A. A. The seasons of bird song the beginning of song in spring. Auk 64, 97\u2013107 (1947).","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2786_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1163\/156853983X00200","volume":"83","author":"A Kacelnik","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kacelnik, A. & Krebs, J. R. The dawn chorus in the great tit (Parus major): proximate and ultimate causes. Behaviour 83, 287\u2013308 (1983).","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"2786_CR13","unstructured":"Staicer, C. A., Spector, D. A. & Horn, A. G. in Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds (eds Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.) 426\u2013453 (Cornell Univ. Press, 1996)."},{"key":"2786_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, J. Urban Sound Environment (CRC Press, 2006).","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482265613"},{"key":"2786_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.12949","volume":"163","author":"OH Mar\u00edn-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-G\u00f3mez, O. H. & MacGregor-Fors, I. A global synthesis of the impacts of urbanization on bird dawn choruses. Ibis 163, 1133\u20131154 (2021).","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2786_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-048X.2012.05796.x","volume":"44","author":"A Arroyo-Sol\u00eds","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arroyo-Sol\u00eds, A., Castillo, J. M., Figueroa, E., L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez, J. L. & Slabbekoorn, H. Experimental evidence for an impact of anthropogenic noise on dawn chorus timing in urban birds. J. Avian Biol. 44, 288\u2013296 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"2786_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3397\/1.3484178","volume":"58","author":"AL Brown","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brown, A. L. Soundscapes and environmental noise management. Noise Control Eng. J. 58, 493\u2013500 (2010).","journal-title":"Noise Control Eng. J."},{"key":"2786_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.03.038","volume":"454","author":"J Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, J., Kang, J., Luo, T. & Behm, H. Landscape effects on soundscape experience in city parks. Sci. Total Environ. 454, 474\u2013481 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2786_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"F Aletta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aletta, F. & Kang, J. Soundscape approach integrating noise mapping techniques: a case study in Brighton, UK. Noise Mapp. 2, 1\u201312 (2015).","journal-title":"Noise Mapp."},{"key":"2786_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1515\/noise-2017-0007","volume":"4","author":"E Margaritis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Margaritis, E. & Kang, J. Soundscape mapping in environmental noise management and urban planning: case studies in two UK cities. Noise Mapp. 4, 87\u2013103 (2017).","journal-title":"Noise Mapp."},{"key":"2786_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14275","volume":"37","author":"SRPJ Ross","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ross, S. R. P. J. et al. Passive acoustic monitoring provides a fresh perspective on fundamental ecological questions. Funct. Ecol. 37, 959\u2013975 (2023).","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12968","volume":"32","author":"Z Burivalova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burivalova, Z. et al. Using soundscapes to detect variable degrees of human influence on tropical forests in Papua New Guinea. Conserv. Biol. 32, 205\u2013215 (2018).","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"2786_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dr\u00f6ge, S. et al. Listening to a changing landscape: acoustic indices reflect bird species richness and plot-scale vegetation structure across different land-use types in north-eastern Madagascar. Ecol. Indic. 120, 106929 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106929"},{"key":"2786_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.04544","volume":"42","author":"U de Camargo","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Camargo, U., Roslin, T. & Ovaskainen, O. Spatio-temporal scaling of biodiversity in acoustic tropical bird communities. Ecography 42, 1936\u20131947 (2019).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"2786_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12890","volume":"97","author":"I Alcocer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alcocer, I., Lima, H., Sugai, L. S. M. & Llusia, D. Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity: a meta-analysis. Biol. Rev. 97, 2209\u20132236 (2022).","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"2786_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s12304-015-9248-x","volume":"8","author":"J Sueur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sueur, J. & Farina, A. Ecoacoustics: the ecological investigation and interpretation of environmental sound. Biosemiotics 8, 493\u2013502 (2015).","journal-title":"Biosemiotics"},{"key":"2786_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12558","volume":"7","author":"O Venter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venter, O. et al. Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation. Nat. Commun. 7, 12558 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2786_CR28","first-page":"71","volume":"II-4","author":"T Tanodo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanodo, T. et al. Precise global DEM generation by ALOS PRISM. ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. II-4, 71\u201376 (2014).","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"2786_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.122","volume":"4","author":"DN Karger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karger, D. N. et al. Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Sci. Data 4, 170122 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"2786_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0004.1","volume":"17","author":"NT Boelman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boelman, N. T., Asner, G. P., Hart, P. J. & Martin, R. E. Multi-trophic invasion resistance in Hawaii: bioacoustics, field surveys, and airborne remote sensing. Ecol. Appl. 17, 2137\u20132144 (2007).","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"2786_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105845","volume":"112","author":"D Francomano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Francomano, D., Gottesman, B. L. & Pijanowski, B. C. Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes. Ecol. Indic. 112, 105845 (2020).","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"2786_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2010.11.005","volume":"11","author":"N Pieretti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pieretti, N., Farina, A. & Morri, D. A new methodology to infer the singing activity of an avian community: the acoustic complexity index (ACI). Ecol. Indic. 11, 868\u2013873 (2011).","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"2786_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-011-9636-9","volume":"26","author":"LJ Villanueva-Rivera","year":"2011","unstructured":"Villanueva-Rivera, L. J., Pijanowski, B. C., Doucette, J. & Pekin, B. A primer of acoustic analysis for landscape ecologists. Landsc. Ecol. 26, 1233\u20131246 (2011).","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2012.08.001","volume":"12","author":"EP Kasten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kasten, E. P., Gage, S. H., Fox, J. & Joo, W. The remote environmental assessment laboratory\u2019s acoustic library: an archive for studying soundscape ecology. Ecol. Inf. 12, 50\u201367 (2012).","journal-title":"Ecol. Inf."},{"key":"2786_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004065","volume":"3","author":"J Sueur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sueur, J., Pavoine, S., Hamerlynck, O. & Duvail, S. Rapid acoustic survey for biodiversity appraisal. PLoS ONE 3, e4065 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2786_CR36","unstructured":"Plakal, M. & Ellis, D. YAMNet. GitHub https:\/\/github.com\/tensorflow\/models\/tree\/master\/research\/audioset\/yamnet (2024)."},{"key":"2786_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2021.101236","volume":"61","author":"S Kahl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kahl, S., Wood, C. M., Eibl, M. & Klinck, H. BirdNET: a deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring. Ecol. Inf. 61, 101236 (2021).","journal-title":"Ecol. Inf."},{"key":"2786_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13254","volume":"10","author":"T Bradfer-Lawrence","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bradfer-Lawrence, T. et al. Guidelines for the use of acoustic indices in environmental research. Methods Ecol. Evol. 10, 1796\u20131807 (2019).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13521","volume":"12","author":"OC Metcalf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Metcalf, O. C. et al. Acoustic indices perform better when applied at ecologically meaningful time and frequency scales. Methods Ecol. Evol. 12, 421\u2013431 (2021).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyland, E. B., Schulz, A. & Quinn, J. E. Quantifying the soundscape: how filters change acoustic indices. Ecol. Indic. 148, 110061 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110061"},{"key":"2786_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xia, C. & M\u00f8ller, A. P. A meta-analysis of the effects in alpha acoustic indices. Biodiv. Sci. 31, 22369 (2023).","DOI":"10.17520\/biods.2022369"},{"key":"2786_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasc, A., Sueur, J., Pavoine, S., Pellens, R. & Grandcolas, P. Biodiversity sampling using a global acoustic approach: contrasting sites with microendemics in New Caledonia. PLoS ONE 8, e65311 (2013).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065311"},{"key":"2786_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230101","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0101","volume":"379","author":"R van Klink","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Klink, R. et al. Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring. Philos. Trans. B 379, 20230101 (2024).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. B"},{"key":"2786_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106852","volume":"119","author":"S Brodie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brodie, S., Allen-Ankins, S., Towsey, M., Roe, P. & Schwarzkopf, L. Automated species identification of frog choruses in environmental recordings using acoustic indices. Ecol. Indic. 119, 106852 (2020).","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"2786_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2023.09.017","volume":"39","author":"F Hartig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hartig, F. et al. Novel community data in ecology\u2014properties and prospects. Trends Ecol. Evol. 39, 280\u2013293 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catchpole, C. K & Slater, P. J. B. Bird Song: Biological Themes and Variations (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2008).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511754791"},{"key":"2786_CR47","unstructured":"Gil, D. & Llusia, D. in Coding Strategies in Vertebrate Acoustic Communication (eds Aubin, T. & Mathevon, N.) Ch. 3 (2020)."},{"key":"2786_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Job, J. R., Kohler, S. L. & Gill, S. A. Song adjustments by an open habitat bird to anthropogenic noise, urban structure, and vegetation. Behav. Ecol. 27, 1734\u20131744 (2016).","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arw105"},{"key":"2786_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03487.x","volume":"17","author":"H Slabbekoorn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slabbekoorn, H. & Ripmeester, E. A. P. Birdsong and anthropogenic noise: implications and applications for conservation. Mol. Ecol. 17, 72\u201383 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brumm, H. (ed.). Animal Communication and Noise 2 (Springer Science & Business Media, 2013).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41494-7"},{"key":"2786_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3454(05)35004-2","volume":"35","author":"H Brumm","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brumm, H. & Slabbekoorn, H. Acoustic communication in noise. Adv. Study Behav. 35, 151\u2013209 (2005).","journal-title":"Adv. Study Behav."},{"key":"2786_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827440","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2022.827440","volume":"10","author":"L Gomes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomes, L., Sol\u00e9, M., Sousa-Lima, R. S. & Baumgarten, J. E. Influence of anthropogenic sounds on insect, anuran and bird acoustic signals: a meta-analysis. Front. Ecol. Evol. 10, 827440 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/424267a","volume":"424","author":"H Slabbekoorn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slabbekoorn, H. & Peet, M. Birds sing at a higher pitch in urban noise. Nature 424, 267 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2786_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0676","volume":"8","author":"S Schuster","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schuster, S., Zollinger, S. A., Lesku, J. A. & Brumm, H. On the evolution of noise-dependent vocal plasticity in birds. Biol. Lett. 8, 913\u2013916 (2012).","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2786_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0134","volume":"3","author":"RA Fuller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fuller, R. A., Warren, P. H. & Gaston, K. J. Daytime noise predicts nocturnal singing in urban robins. Biol. Lett. 3, 368\u2013370 (2007).","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2786_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6318","DOI":"10.3390\/su11226318","volume":"11","author":"I Kowarik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kowarik, I. et al. Emerging urban forests: opportunities for promoting the wild side of the urban green infrastructure. Sustainability 11, 6318 (2019).","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2786_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-006-8587-4","volume":"9","author":"JT Lundholm","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lundholm, J. T. & Marlin, A. Habitat origins and microhabitat preferences of urban plant species. Urban Ecosyst. 9, 139\u2013159 (2006).","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"2786_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02247.x","volume":"17","author":"KL Evans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evans, K. L., Chamberlain, D. E., Hatchwell, B. J., Gregory, R. D. & Gaston, K. J. What makes an urban bird? Glob. Change Biol. 17, 32\u201344 (2011).","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"2786_CR59","first-page":"5","volume":"7","author":"S Melles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Melles, S., Glenn, S. & Martin, K. Urban bird diversity and landscape complexity: species\u2013environment associations along a multiscale habitat gradient. Conserv. Ecol. 7, 5 (2003).","journal-title":"Conserv. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13816","volume":"33","author":"E Marjakangas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marjakangas, E., Johnston, A., Santangeli, A. & Lehikoinen, A. Bird species\u2019 tolerance to human pressures and associations with population change. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 33, e13816 (2024).","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"2786_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-011-9637-8","volume":"26","author":"SL Dumyahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dumyahn, S. L. & Pijanowski, B. C. Beyond noise mitigation: managing soundscapes as common-pool resources. Landsc. Ecol. 26, 1311\u20131326 (2011).","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"2786_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plack, C. J. The Sense of Hearing (Routledge, 2018).","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315208145"},{"key":"2786_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.08.002","volume":"25","author":"JR Barber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barber, J. R., Crooks, K. R. & Fristrup, K. M. The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 180\u2013189 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0313353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313353","volume":"19","author":"B Hardwick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hardwick, B. et al. LIFEPLAN: a worldwide biodiversity sampling design. PLoS ONE 19, e0313353 (2024).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2786_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12955","volume":"9","author":"AP Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill, A. P. et al. AudioMoth: evaluation of a smart open acoustic device for monitoring biodiversity and the environment. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 1199\u20131211 (2018).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2786_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guyot, P. & Eldridge, A. Python implementation of acoustic indices and low level descriptors. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10391651 (2023).","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10391651"},{"key":"2786_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Somervuo, P. Data for Less predictable global rhythms in human than wildlife contributions to soundscapes [Dataset]. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15369637 (2025)","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15369637"},{"key":"2786_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Somervuo, P. Soundscape analysis scripts. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15372067 (2025).","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15372067"}],"container-title":["Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-025-02786-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-025-02786-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-025-02786-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T14:03:46Z","timestamp":1757426626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-025-02786-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-025-02786-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-334X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-334X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}