{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T01:10:52Z","timestamp":1777338652234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The most efficient and promising operational regime for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor tokamak is the high-confinement mode. In this regime, however, periodic relaxations of the plasma edge can occur. These edge-localized modes pose a threat to the integrity of the fusion device. Here we reveal the strong impact of energetic ions on the spatio-temporal structure of edge-localized modes in tokamaks using nonlinear hybrid kinetic\u2013magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A resonant interaction between the fast ions at the plasma edge and the electromagnetic perturbations from the edge-localized mode leads to an energy and momentum exchange. Energetic ions modify, for example, the amplitude, frequency spectrum and crash timing of edge-localized modes. The simulations reproduce some observations that feature abrupt and large edge-localized mode crashes. The results indicate that, in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a strong interaction between the fusion-born alpha particles and ions from neutral beam injection, a main heating and fast particle source, is expected with predicted edge-localized mode perturbations. This work advances the understanding of the physics underlying edge-localized mode crashes in the presence of energetic particles and highlights the importance of including energetic ion kinetic effects in the optimization of edge-localized mode control techniques and regimes that are free of such modes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-024-02715-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T10:02:29Z","timestamp":1736157749000},"page":"43-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of energetic ions on edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8478-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Dominguez-Palacios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-5454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Futatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3241-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Garcia-Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Jansen van Vuuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Viezzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gonzalez-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5343-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Toscano-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Oyola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Todo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7618-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Sanchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4535-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Rueda-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7415-1894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Galdon-Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3008-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Hidalgo-Salaverri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5074-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. F.","family":"Rivero-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3986-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Velarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the ASDEX Upgrade Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Alessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Angioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Arden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Artigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. Astrain","family":"Etxezarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Asunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Balden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Bandaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. Banon","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bernert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Biancalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bielajew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Birkenmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Blanken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Bobkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Body","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bolzonella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bonanomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bortolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"B\u00f6swirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bottereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"van den Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brenzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Brezinsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Brida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Buhler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Burckhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Camenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Cannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. Cano","family":"Megas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Carlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. Castillo","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cathey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cavedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Challis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chomiczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cianfarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Clairet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Coda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Coenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Colas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Costea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Coster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Creely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Croci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. J. Cruz","family":"Zabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Cziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"D\u2019Arcangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. Dal","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"de Baar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"de Marn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Denner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. Di","family":"Siena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dibon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. J. Dominguez-Palacios","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dunai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dreval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B. P.","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Dux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Eich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Elgeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Encheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Fable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Faitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. Fajardo","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"Fantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Farnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Faugel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Felici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Ficker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Figueredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Frassinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fr\u00f6schle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Fuchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"F\u00fcnfgelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Futatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Galazka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. Gallart","family":"Escol\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Garavaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Giannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Giovannozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Girka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Girka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Gleiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gl\u00f6ggler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gobbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"G\u00f6rler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gradic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Granucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gr\u00e4ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Grenfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Greuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Griener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Groth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Guimarais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"G\u00fcnter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hachmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"Hakola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Happel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"den Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Harrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Hauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hayward-Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hellsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hennequin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Herschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Heuraux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Heyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Hitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hobirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"H\u00f6fler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"H\u00f6rmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"H\u00f6lzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Hopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"H\u00f6schen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hunger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Igochine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Iliasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Illerhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K. Insulander","family":"Bj\u00f6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ionita-Schrittwieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ivanova-Stanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Jaksic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Jaulmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Jenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Joffrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kallenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kappatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Karhunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.-P.","family":"K\u00e4semann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kasilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Kazakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Kernbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Khilkevitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. Kjer","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Klevarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Klossek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kocsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Koleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Komm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kr\u00e4mer-Flecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kreuzeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Kudlacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kurki-Suonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kurzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Labit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Laggner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lahtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. T.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Leppin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Lerche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Leuthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Likonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Lindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lipschultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Luda di Cortemiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. C.","family":"Luhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Lunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lyssoivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Maceina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Magnanimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mailloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Maingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Maljaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Maquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Manhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mantica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mantsinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Manz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maraschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Markl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Marrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Michelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Milanesio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Mitterauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. Molina","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Muraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Nabais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Naulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Nazikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. D.","family":"Nem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Neu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nocente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Novikau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ochoukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pautasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Paz-Soldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Peglau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Petersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"Plank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Plaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pl\u00f6ckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Plyusnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Porte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Puchmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"P\u00fctterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ramisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ratynskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Raupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Redl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"R\u00e9fy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Reimold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Reiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Reisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Rettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Riesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. F. Rivero","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rodriguez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ryter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Saarelma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Salewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Samoylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L. Sanchis","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Schall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Scholte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Schrittwieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Schwarz-Selinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schweinzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Sciortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Seibold-Benjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shalpegin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sharapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shevelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Siccinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sieglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sigalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Silvagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Snicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sommariva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Spacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Spizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Spolaore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stegmeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stejner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Stober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"Stroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Strumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. Suarez","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Suttrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Szepesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"T\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Tala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tardocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Terranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Teschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Thor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Tierens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Told","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Treutterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tripsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ulbl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Urbanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Usoltseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Valisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Valovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"van Zeeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Vannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Vanovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Varoutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Verdier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Verdoolaege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Vianello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Vierle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Voitsekhovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"von Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"X.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Weiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Willensdorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Wiringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wischmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wolfrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Zagorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Zammuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Zehetbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zholobenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zibrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. F. B.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Zohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Zoletnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the EuroFUSION MST1 Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. F.","family":"Harrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Maurizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Saarelma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Adamek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Aguiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Akers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Andr\u00e8be","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Apruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Arnichand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Auriemma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Avdeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Ayllon-Guerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V. K.","family":"Bandaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Barrera-Orte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Biletskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bilkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Bin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Boeyaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Bogar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Bogar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bombarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Boncagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bouquey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bucalossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Buermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Bufferand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Buller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Buratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Calabr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Calacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. Cano","family":"Meg\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Carpanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Carralero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Casolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Causa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cavedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cecconello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ceccuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cerovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ciraolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Colette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Cordaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cordella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Czarnecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"D\u2019Arcangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dal Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. De","family":"Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H. De","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Dejarnac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"den Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Dolizy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. J. Dom\u00ednguez-Palacios","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Douai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Drenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Dudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dunai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Elmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Embr\u00e9us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Erd\u00f5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Faust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Faustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fedorczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"X.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ferr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"F\u00e9vrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Figini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gabellieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gadariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Galassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Galeani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gallart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Galperti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Garcia-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Garzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Giacomelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Giruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gonzalez-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T. P.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gospodarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Grekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Grenfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Groth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gruca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Gyergyek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hakola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Havranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hawke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Hesslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Hitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Hnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hoelzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hogeweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Horacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Iantchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Innocente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Isliker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Janky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Jardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Karpushov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kasilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. V.","family":"Kazantzidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Keeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kelemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Kernbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kocsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Korovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Koubiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kovacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kripner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"K\u0159ivsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Kulyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kurki-Suonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Laggner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Laguardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lahtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lombroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lorenzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V. P.","family":"Loschiavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Macusova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Maggiora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Maljaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Manas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Mantsinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Manz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Marchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. R. Mart\u00edn","family":"Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Martitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mastrostefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. -L.","family":"Mayoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mazon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. Mc","family":"Carthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"McClements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Mcmillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Meineri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Menkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Meshcheriakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Messmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Micheletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Milanesio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Militello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I. G.","family":"Miron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mlynar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Moiseenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. A. Molina","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. -M.","family":"Moret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Moulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Naydenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Nespoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Nikolaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Oberkofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ollus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Omotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ongena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Orain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F. P.","family":"Orsitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Paccagnella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Palha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Panaccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Panek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Panjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I. Paradela","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Passeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pavlichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Perek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V. Pericoli","family":"Radolfini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pesamosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Peterka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Petrzilka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Piergotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pigatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Piovesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"P\u00f6l\u00f6skei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"P\u00f3r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pucella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Puiatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rabinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. Juul","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Ratt\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ravensbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"R\u00e9fy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Reimerdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Reimold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Reux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Reznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rispoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rodriguez-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rubinacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Samaddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Sanchis-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"S\u00e4rkim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Scannell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Scheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B. S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Seliunin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sharapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. R.","family":"Sheeba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Snicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E. R.","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Soria-Hoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Sorokovoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sperduti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Stipani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Sytnykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Szepesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"T\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Teplukhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Theiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Tilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Tolias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tsironis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Tudisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vallar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. Vallejos","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Valovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. Van","family":"Vugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Vanovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Varje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Varju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vartanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Vasilovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Verdoolaege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Verhaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vermare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Villone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Voitsekhovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Voltolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vondracek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. M. T.","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Walkden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Weinzettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Wiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wiesenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Wilkie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Zaloga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Zanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Zaplotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zebrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zisis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Zoletnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zuin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.49.1408","volume":"49","author":"F Wagner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wagner, F. et al. Regime of improved confinement and high beta in neutral-beam-heated divertor discharges of the ASDEX tokamak. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1408\u20131412 (1982).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2715_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/38\/2\/001","volume":"38","author":"H Zohm","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zohm, H. Edge localized modes (ELMs). Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38, 105\u2013128 (1996).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys331","volume":"2","author":"A Loarte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Loarte, A. Chaos cuts ELMs down to size. Nat. Phys. 2, 369\u2013370 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys312","volume":"2","author":"TE Evans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Evans, T. E. et al. Edge stability and transport control with resonant magnetic perturbations in collisionless tokamak plasmas. Nat. Phys. 2, 419\u2013423 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2795","volume":"9","author":"J Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. A long-pulse high-confinement plasma regime in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. Nat. Phys. 9, 817\u2013821 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-018-0268-8","volume":"14","author":"JK Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park, J. K. et al. 3D field phase-space control in tokamak plasmas. Nat. Phys. 14, 1223\u20131228 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-019-0144-1","volume":"2","author":"C Ham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ham, C. et al. Filamentary plasma eruptions and their control on the route to fusion energy. Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 159\u2013167 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45454-1","volume":"15","author":"S Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, S. et al. Tailoring tokamak error fields to control plasma instabilities and transport. Nat. Commun. 15, 1275 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2715_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48415-w","volume":"15","author":"SK Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, S. K. et al. Highest fusion performance without harmful edge energy bursts in tokamak. Nat. Commun. 15, 3990 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2715_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07313-3","volume":"629","author":"S Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding, S. et al. A high-density and high-confinement tokamak plasma regime for fusion energy. Nature 629, 555\u2013560 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2715_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1063\/1.872956","volume":"5","author":"JW Connor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Connor, J. W. et al. Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 5, 2687\u20132700 (1998).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1063\/1.873492","volume":"6","author":"HR Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson, H. R. et al. Ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability of the tokamak high-confinement-mode edge region. Phys. Plasmas 6, 1925\u20131934 (1999).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1449463","volume":"9","author":"PB Snyder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Snyder, P. B. et al. Edge localized modes and the pedestal: a model based on coupled peeling\u2013ballooning modes. Phys. Plasmas 9, 2037\u20132043 (2002).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/44\/2\/014","volume":"44","author":"PB Snyder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Snyder, P. B. et al. ELMs and constraints on the H-mode pedestal: peeling-ballooning stability calculation and comparison with experiment. Nucl. Fusion 44, 320\u2013328 (2004).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.035001","volume":"114","author":"F Orain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orain, F. et al. Resistive reduced MHD modeling of multi-edge-localized-mode cycles in tokamak X-point plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 035001 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2715_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095001","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/55\/9\/095001","volume":"55","author":"SJP Pamela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pamela, S. J. P. et al. Resistive MHD simulation of edge-localized-modes for double-null discharges in the MAST device. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 55, 095001 (2013).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"090705","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4895799","volume":"21","author":"ZX Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, Z. X. et al. Three dimensional nonlinear simulations of edge localized modes on the EAST tokamak using BOUT++ code. Phys. Plasmas 21, 090705 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/46\/1\/009","volume":"46","author":"DP Brennan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brennan, D. P. et al. Computing nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic edge localized instabilities in fusion plasmas. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 46, 63\u201372 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"2715_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175005","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.175005","volume":"105","author":"XQ Diu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diu, X. Q. et al. Nonlinear simulations of peeling\u2013ballooning modes with anomalous electron viscosity and their role in edge localized mode crashes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 175005 (2010).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2715_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1063\/PT.3.2946","volume":"68","author":"D Pace","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pace, D. et al. Keeping fusion plasmas hot. Physics Today 68, 34\u201339 (2015).","journal-title":"Physics Today"},{"key":"2715_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-022-01626-8","volume":"18","author":"S Mazzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazzi, S. et al. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions. Nat. Phys. 18, 776\u2013782 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05008-1","volume":"609","author":"H Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han, H. et al. A sustained high-temperature fusion plasma regime facilitated by fast ions. Nature 609, 269\u2013275 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2715_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085014","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/49\/8\/085014","volume":"49","author":"M Garcia-Munoz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garcia-Munoz, M. et al. MHD induced fast-ion losses on ASDEX Upgrade. Nucl. Fusion 49, 085014 (2009).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1622","volume":"3","author":"JP Graves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graves, J. P. et al. Control of magnetohydrodynamic stability by phase space engineering of energetic ions in tokamak plasmas. Nat. Commun. 3, 624 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2715_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys4167","volume":"13","author":"YO Kazakov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazakov, Y. O. et al. Efficient generation of energetic ions in multi-ion plasmas by radio-frequency heating. Nat. Phys. 13, 973\u2013978 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5136237","volume":"27","author":"WW Heidbrink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heidbrink, W. W. et al. Mechanisms of energetic-particle transport in magnetically confined plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 27, 030901 (2020).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31589-6","volume":"13","author":"A Bierwage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bierwage, A. et al. Energy-selective confinement of fusion-born alpha particles during internal relaxations in a tokamak plasma. Nat. Commun. 13, 3941 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2715_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123008","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/53\/12\/123008","volume":"53","author":"M Garcia-Munoz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia-Munoz, M. et al. Fast-ion redistribution and loss due to edge perturbations in the ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks. Nucl. Fusion 53, 123008 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053503","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3121543","volume":"80","author":"M Garcia-Munoz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garcia-Munoz, M. et al. Scintillator based detector for fast-ion losses induced by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the ASDEX upgrade tokamak. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 053503 (2009).","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2715_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025002","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.025002","volume":"121","author":"J Galdon-Quiroga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galdon-Quiroga, J. et al. Beam-ion acceleration during edge localized modes in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 025002 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2715_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054003","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/ab7d1b","volume":"60","author":"L Gil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gil, L. et al. Stationary ELM-free H-mode in ASDEX Upgrade. Nucl. Fusion 60, 054003 (2020).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085026","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/53\/8\/085026","volume":"53","author":"E Wolfrum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wolfrum, E. et al. Characterization of edge profiles and fluctuations in discharges with type-II and nitrogen-mitigated edge localized modes in ASDEX Upgrade. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 53, 085026 (2011).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112001","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/aad757","volume":"58","author":"GF Harrer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harrer, G. F. et al. Parameter dependences of small edge localized modes (ELMs). Nucl. Fusion 58, 112001 (2018).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1063\/1.872791","volume":"5","author":"Y Todo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Todo, Y. et al. Linear and nonlinear particle-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the toroidal Alfv\u00e9n eigenmode. Phys. Plasmas 5, 1321\u20131327 (1998).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026011","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/aa98f7","volume":"58","author":"AF Mink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mink, A. F. et al. Nonlinear coupling induced toroidal structure of edge localized modes. Nucl. Fusion 58, 026011 (2018).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nme.2019.02.030","volume":"19","author":"FM Laggner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laggner, F. M. et al. Inter-ELM pedestal localized fluctuations in tokamaks: summary of multi-machine observations. Nucl. Mater. Energy 19, 479\u2013486 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucl. Mater. Energy"},{"key":"2715_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"084016","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/50\/8\/084016","volume":"50","author":"Y Todo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Todo, Y. et al. Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic effects on Alfv\u00e9n eigenmode evolution and zonal flow generation. Nucl. Fusion 50, 084016 (2010).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125013","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/58\/12\/125013","volume":"58","author":"F Mink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mink, F. et al. Toroidal mode number determination of ELM associated phenomena on ASDEX Upgrade. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58, 125013 (2016).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042512","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4947034","volume":"23","author":"A Bierwage","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bierwage, A. Mechanisms for rapid chirping and convective amplification. Phys. Plasmas 23, 042512 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1063\/1.864060","volume":"26","author":"RB White","year":"1983","unstructured":"White, R. B. et al. Theory of mode-induced beam particle loss in tokamaks. Phys. Fluids 26, 2958\u20132965 (1983).","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2715_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015008","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.88.015008","volume":"88","author":"L Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, L. & Zonca, F. Physics of Alfv\u00e9n waves and energetic particles in burning plasmas. Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 015008 (2016).","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014026","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/58\/1\/014026","volume":"58","author":"SJP Pamela","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pamela, S. J. P. et al. Non-linear MHD simulations of ELMs in JET and quantitative comparisons to experiments. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58, 014026 (2016).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A19","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/47\/5A\/003","volume":"47","author":"ACC Sips","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sips, A. C. C. et al. Advanced scenarios for ITER operation. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47, A19\u2013A40 (2005).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042513","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4947201","volume":"23","author":"JA Morales","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morales, J. A. et al. Edge localized mode rotation and the nonlinear dynamics of filaments. Phys. Plasmas 23, 042513 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"066022","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/ac47af","volume":"62","author":"M Becoulet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Becoulet, M. et al. Non-linear MHD modelling of edge localized modes suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations in ITER. Nucl. Fusion 62, 066022 (2022).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403068","DOI":"10.1585\/pfr.9.3403068","volume":"9","author":"Y Todo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Todo, Y. et al. Large-scale simulation of energetic particle driven magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in ITER plasmas. Plasma Fus. Res. 9, 3403068 (2014).","journal-title":"Plasma Fus. Res."},{"key":"2715_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054011","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/57\/5\/054011","volume":"57","author":"P Lauber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lauber, P. Local and global kinetic stability analysis of Alfv\u00e9n eigenmodes in the 15 MA ITER scenario. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57, 054011 (2015).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021807","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4908551","volume":"22","author":"SD Pinches","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pinches, S. D. et al. Energetic ions in ITER plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 22, 021807 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014019","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/58\/1\/014019","volume":"58","author":"M Schneller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schneller, M. et al. Nonlinear energetic particle transport in the presence of multiple Alfv\u00e9nic waves in ITER. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58, 014019 (2016).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036045","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/abdca2","volume":"61","author":"T Hayward-Schneider","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hayward-Schneider, T. et al. Global linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic modelling of Alfv\u00e9n eigenmodes in ITER. Nucl. Fusion 61, 036045 (2021).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1063\/1.860870","volume":"5","author":"SE Parker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Parker, S. E. et al. A fully nonlinear characteristic method for gyrokinetic simulation. Phys. Fluids B 5, 77\u201386 (1993).","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids B"},{"key":"2715_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1993.1146","volume":"107","author":"AM Dimits","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dimits, A. M. et al. Partially linearized algorithms in gyrokinetic particle simulation. J. Comput. Phys. 107, 309\u2013323 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1063\/1.870740","volume":"1","author":"AY Aydemir","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aydemir, A. Y. A unified Monte Carlo interpretation of particle simulations and applications to non-neutral plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 1, 822\u2013831 (1994).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(87)90080-5","volume":"72","author":"WW Lee","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lee, W. W. Gyrokinetic particle simulation model. J. Comput. Phys. 72, 243\u2013269 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.1063\/1.873630","volume":"6","author":"PJ McCarthy","year":"1999","unstructured":"McCarthy, P. J. Analytical solutions to the Grad\u2013Shafranov equation for tokamak equilibrium with dissimilar source functions. Phys. Plasmas 6, 3554\u20133560 (1999).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2715_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026031","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/aaa22f","volume":"58","author":"E Viezzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Viezzer, E. et al. Ion heat transport dynamics during edge localized mode cycles at ASDEX Upgrade. Nucl. Fusion 58, 026031 (2018).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024009","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6587\/ab5b1d","volume":"62","author":"E Viezzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Viezzer, E. et al. Dynamics of the pedestal transport during edge localized mode cycles at ASDEX Upgrade. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 62, 024009 (2020).","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR58","first-page":"205","volume":"1","author":"SI Braginskii","year":"1965","unstructured":"Braginskii, S. I. Transport processes in plasma. Rev. Plasma Phys. 1, 205\u2013311 (1965).","journal-title":"Rev. Plasma Phys."},{"key":"2715_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ITER Physics Expert Group on Energetic Particles, Heating and Current Drive & ITER Physics Basis Editors. ITER Physics Basis Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions. Nucl. Fusion 39, 2471\u20132495 (1999).","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/39\/12\/305"},{"key":"2715_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawryluk, R. J. An empirical approach to tokamak transport. In Physics of Plasmas Close to Thermonuclear Conditions (eds Coppi, B. et al.) 19\u201346 (Pergamon, 1981).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-8385-2.50009-1"},{"key":"2715_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2003.11.002","volume":"159","author":"A Pankin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pankin, A. et al. The tokamak Monte Carlo fast ion module NUBEAM in the National Transport Code Collaboration library. Comput. Phys. Commun. 159, 157\u2013184 (2004).","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"2715_CR62","unstructured":"Birdsall, C. K. & Langdon, A. B. Plasma Physics Via Computer Simulation (Taylor & Francis, 2005)."},{"key":"2715_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/29\/5\/012","volume":"29","author":"SJ Zweben","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zweben, S. J. et al. Pitch angle resolved measurements of escaping charged fusion products in TFTR. Nucl. Fusion 29, 825\u2013833 (1989).","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2715_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.13182\/FST08-A1674","volume":"53","author":"EJ Strait","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strait, E. J. et al. Chapter 2: magnetic diagnostics. Fusion Sci. Technol. 53, 304\u2013334 (2008).","journal-title":"Fusion Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2715_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7977(84)90009-1","volume":"1","author":"M Brusati","year":"1984","unstructured":"Brusati, M. et al. Analysis of magnetic measurements in tokamaks. Comput. Phys. Rep. 1, 345\u2013372 (1984).","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Rep."},{"key":"2715_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/15361055.2020.1820794","volume":"76","author":"R Fischer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischer, R. et al. Estimation and uncertainties of profiles and equilibria for fusion modeling codes. Fusion Sci. Technol. 76, 879\u2013893 (2020).","journal-title":"Fusion Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Nature Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-024-02715-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-024-02715-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-024-02715-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T13:05:49Z","timestamp":1737378349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-024-02715-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41567-024-02715-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-2473","1745-2481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-2473","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-2481","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}