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Although naturally acquired leprosy has also been described in captive nonhuman primates\n                    <jats:sup>4\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the exact origins of infection remain unclear. Here we describe leprosy-like lesions in two wild populations of western chimpanzees (\n                    <jats:italic>Pan troglodytes verus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau and Ta\u00ef National Park, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, West Africa. Longitudinal monitoring of both populations revealed the progression of disease symptoms compatible with advanced leprosy. Screening of faecal and necropsy samples confirmed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u2009leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the causative agent at each site and phylogenomic comparisons with other strains from humans and other animals show that the chimpanzee strains belong to different and rare genotypes (4N\/O and 2F). These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u2009leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    may be circulating in more wild animals than suspected, either as a result of exposure to humans or other unknown environmental sources.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03968-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T15:03:58Z","timestamp":1634137438000},"page":"652-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Leprosy in wild chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"598","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6187-644X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberley J.","family":"Hockings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mubemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Avanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kamilla","family":"Pleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"D\u00fcx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3814-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bersacola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ramon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Livia V.","family":"Patrono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Benjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Bonneaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Busso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Couacy-Hymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Gado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Gagneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roch C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mamoudou","family":"Kodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Lynton-Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Morozova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"M\u00e4tz-Rensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aissa","family":"Regalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ab\u00edlio R.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Verena J.","family":"Schuenemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samba O.","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hyacinthe","family":"Zoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stewart T.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman M.","family":"Wittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4834-0509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Calvignac-Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian H.","family":"Leendertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3968_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, S. 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