{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T19:18:48Z","timestamp":1786216728477,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8076","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diverse sets of complete human genomes are required to construct a pangenome reference and to understand the extent of complex structural variation. Here we sequence 65 diverse human genomes and build 130 haplotype-resolved assemblies (median continuity of 130\u2009Mb), closing 92% of all previous assembly gaps\n                    <jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and reaching telomere-to-telomere status for 39% of the chromosomes. We highlight complete sequence continuity of complex loci, including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC),\n                    <jats:italic>SMN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NBPF8<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>AMY1\/AMY2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and fully resolve 1,852 complex structural variants. In addition, we completely assemble and validate 1,246 human centromeres. We find up to 30-fold variation in \u03b1-satellite higher-order repeat array length and characterize the pattern of mobile element insertions into \u03b1-satellite higher-order repeat arrays. Although most centromeres predict a single site of kinetochore attachment, epigenetic analysis suggests the presence of two hypomethylated regions for 7% of centromeres. Combining our data with the draft pangenome reference\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    significantly enhances genotyping accuracy from short-read data, enabling whole-genome inference\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    to a median quality value of 45. Using this approach, 26,115 structural variants per individual are detected, substantially increasing the number of structural variants now amenable to downstream disease association studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09140-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T15:02:49Z","timestamp":1753282969000},"page":"430-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Complex genetic variation in nearly complete human genomes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"644","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glennis 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