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D.G.M. is a paid advisor to Insitro and GSK, and receives research funding from Google and Microsoft, unrelated to the work described in this article. G.A.F. reports grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Abbott Diagnostics, Sanofi, Janssen Pharmaceuticals and NSW Health; an honorarium from CSL, CPC Clinical Research, Sanofi, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Heart Foundation and Abbott; serves as Board Director for the Australian Cardiovascular Alliance (past President), Executive Committee Member for CPC Clinical Research, Founding Director and CMO for Prokardia and Kardiomics, and Executive Committee member for the CAD Frontiers A2D2 Consortium; serves as CMO for the non-profit CAD Frontiers, with industry partners including Novartis, Amgen, Siemens Healthineers, ELUCID, Foresite Labs, HeartFlow, Canon, Cleerly, Caristo, Genentech, Artyra, Bitterroot Bio, Novo Nordisk and Allelica; and has the following patents: \u2018patent biomarkers and oxidative stress\u2019 awarded USA May 2017 (US9638699B2) issued to Northern Sydney Local Health District, \u2018use of P2X7R antagonists in cardiovascular disease\u2019 PCT\/AU2018\/050905 licensed to Prokardia, \u2018methods for treatment and prevention of vascular disease\u2019 PCT\/AU2015\/000548 issued to The University of Sydney\/Northern Sydney Local Health District, \u2018methods for predicting coronary artery disease\u2019 AU202290266 issued to The University of Sydney, and \u2018novel P2X7 receptor antagonists\u2019 PCT\/AU2022\/051400 (23 November 2022), International application no.: WO\/2023\/092175 (01 June 2023), issued to The University of Sydney. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}