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In eukaryotes, multiple peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx1)\/AhpC-type isoforms frequently co-exist in the same subcellular compartment, yet have been assumed to assemble only as homo-oligomeric complexes. Here we show that hetero-oligomerization is a conserved and functionally relevant property of Prx1\/AhpC-type peroxiredoxins. Using biochemical reconstitution, native mass photometry, electron microscopy and live-cell assays, we demonstrate formation of heterodimers and heterodecamers, with diverse subunit stoichiometries, in peroxiredoxin pairs from different eukaryotic kingdoms. In\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , oxidative challenge induces Tsa1\u2013Tsa2 heterodecamerization with substoichiometric Tsa2 incorporation sufficing to stabilize the decameric state. Functional hetero-oligomers are also observed forming among human, plant and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    peroxiredoxins. Our findings provide new insights into peroxiredoxin structural plasticity with broad implications for redox biology, stress responses and cellular adaptation, and also challenge the long-held paradigm of peroxiredoxin homo-oligomerization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-026-02157-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:01:32Z","timestamp":1773136892000},"page":"580-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hetero-oligomerization drives structural plasticity of eukaryotic peroxiredoxins"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannik","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Malo Pueyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Wahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Stobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Leiskau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Aref","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Janvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7648-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Vertommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Lenhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hannemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sudharshini","family":"Thangamuragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6021-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkhard","family":"Helms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2081-4506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armindo","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3925-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"M\u00fchlhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Riemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris","family":"Messens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Deponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080405","volume":"300","author":"ZA Wood","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wood, Z. 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