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We collected a large dataset of MI from 5 different days with 25 subjects, the first open-access dataset to address BCI issues across 5 different days with a large number of subjects. The dataset includes 5 session data from 5 different days (2\u20133 days apart) for each subject. Each session contains 100 trials of left-hand and right-hand MI. In this report, we provide the benchmarking classification accuracy for three conditions, namely, within-session classification (WS), cross-session classification (CS), and cross-session adaptation (CSA), with subject-specific models. WS achieves an average classification accuracy of up to 68.8%, while CS degrades the accuracy to 53.7% due to the cross-session variability. However, by adaptation, CSA improves the accuracy to 78.9%. We anticipate this new dataset will significantly push further progress in MI BCI research in addressing the cross-session and cross-subject challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01647-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T02:03:47Z","timestamp":1661997827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["A large EEG dataset for studying cross-session variability in motor imagery brain-computer interface"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1647_CR1","unstructured":"BBCI competition Datasets Germany http:\/\/www.bbci.de\/competition (2003)."},{"key":"1647_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.827072","volume":"51","author":"G Schalk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schalk, G. et al. 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