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Phenotype-habitat colour match, a classic Darwinian example of the evolution of camouflage (crypsis), offers the opportunity to test the importance of historical versus ecological mechanisms in shaping phenotypes among phylogenetically closely related taxa. To assess it, we investigated fur (phenotypic data) and habitat (remote sensing data) colourations, along with phylogenetic information, in the species-rich <jats:italic>Gerbillus<\/jats:italic> genus. Overall, we found a strong phenotype-habitat match, once the phylogenetic signal is taken into account. We found that camouflage has been acquired and lost repeatedly in the course of the evolutionary history of <jats:italic>Gerbillus<\/jats:italic>. Our results suggest that fur colouration and its covariation with habitat is a relatively labile character in mammals, potentially responding quickly to selection. Relatively unconstrained and substantial genetic basis, as well as structural and functional independence from other fitness traits of mammalian colouration might be responsible for that observation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03444-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T13:45:22Z","timestamp":1496929522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Repeated evolution of camouflage in speciose desert rodents"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zbyszek","family":"Boraty\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Granjon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tapio","family":"Mappes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arame","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rzebik-Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Ser\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3444_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01711.x","volume":"58","author":"HE Hoekstra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoekstra, H. E., Drumm, K. E. & Nachman, M. W. Ecological genetics of adaptive color polymorphism in pocket mice: geographic variation in selected and neutral genes. Evolution \n                           58, 1329\u20131341, doi:10.1111\/evo.2004.58.issue-6 (2004).","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"3444_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1146","volume":"276","author":"LM Mullen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mullen, L. M., Vignieri, S. N., Gore, J. A. & Hoekstra, H. E. Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci \n                           276, 3809\u20133818, doi:10.1098\/rspb.2009.1146 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci"},{"key":"3444_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00472.x","volume":"15","author":"SP Blomberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blomberg, S. P. & Garland, T. 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