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In<jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>, the three gene F-bZIP subfamily has been associated with zinc deficiency and salt stress response. Benefiting from the present abundance of plant genomic data, we performed an evolutionary and structural characterization of plant F-bZIPs. We observed divergence during seed plant evolution, into two groups and inferred different selective pressures for each. Group 1 contains AtbZIP19 and AtbZIP23 and appears more conserved, whereas Group 2, containing AtbZIP24, is more prone to gene loss and expansion events. Transcriptomic and experimental data reinforced AtbZIP19\/23 as pivotal regulators of the zinc deficiency response, mostly via the activation of genes from the ZIP metal transporter family, and revealed that they are the main regulatory switch of<jats:italic>AtZIP4<\/jats:italic>. A survey of<jats:italic>AtZIP4<\/jats:italic>orthologs promoters across different plant taxa revealed an enrichment of the<jats:italic>Zinc Deficiency Response Element<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>ZDRE<\/jats:italic>) to which both AtbZIP19\/23 bind. Overall, our results indicate that while the AtbZIP24 function in the regulation of the salt stress response may be the result of neo-functionalization, the AtbZIP19\/23 function in the regulation of the zinc deficiency response may be conserved in land plants (Embryophytes).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03903-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T11:14:38Z","timestamp":1497352478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP transcription factors indicates conservation of the zinc deficiency response across land plants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8729-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Humberto","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grmay H.","family":"Lilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7173-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-M\u00e9rida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan K.","family":"Schjoerring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Herl\u00e2nder","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5562-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana G. 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