{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:42:52Z","timestamp":1761896572968,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Species abundance distributions (SAD) are central to the description of diversity and have played a major role in the development of theories of biodiversity and biogeography. However, most work on species abundance distributions has focused on one single spatial scale. Here we used data on arthropods to test predictions obtained with computer simulations on whether dispersal ability influences the rate of change of SADs as a function of sample size. To characterize the change of the shape of the SADs we use the moments of the distributions: the skewness and the raw moments. In agreement with computer simulations, low dispersal ability species generate a hump for intermediate abundance classes earlier than the distributions of high dispersal ability species. Importantly, when plotted as function of sample size, the raw moments of the SADs of arthropods have a power law pattern similar to that observed for the SAD of tropical tree species, thus we conjecture that this might be a general pattern in ecology. The existence of this pattern allows us to extrapolate the moments and thus reconstruct the SAD for larger sample sizes using a procedure borrowed from the field of image analysis based on scaled discrete Tchebichef moments and polynomials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04126-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T13:57:33Z","timestamp":1497448653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dispersal ability determines the scaling properties of species abundance distributions: a case study using arthropods from the Azores"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0802-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Borda-de-\u00c1gua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7775-3383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Rigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana M. C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel R.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aristeidis","family":"Parmakelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kostas A.","family":"Triantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo A. V.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2307\/1930989","volume":"29","author":"FW Preston","year":"1948","unstructured":"Preston, F. W. The commonness, and rarity, of species. Ecology \n                           29, 254\u2013283 (1948).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"4126_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1086\/519400","volume":"170","author":"NJ Kraft","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kraft, N. J., Cornwell, W. K., Webb, C. O. & Ackerly, D. D. Trait evolution, community assembly, and the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities. The American Naturalist \n                           170, 271\u2013283 (2007).","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"4126_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01094.x","volume":"10","author":"BJ McGill","year":"2007","unstructured":"McGill, B. J. et al. Species abundance distributions: moving beyond single prediction theories to integration within an ecological framework. Ecology Letters \n                           10, 995\u20131015 (2007).","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"4126_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenzweig, M. L. Species Diversity in Space and Time (Cambridge University Press, 1995).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511623387"},{"key":"4126_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2011.07128.x","volume":"35","author":"L Borda-de-\u00c1gua","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borda-de-\u00c1gua, L., Borges, P. A. V., Hubbell, S. P. & Pereira, H. M. Spatial scaling of species abundance distributions. Ecography \n                           35, 549\u2013556 (2012).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"4126_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews, T. J. & Whittaker, R. J. Fitting and comparing competing models of the species abundance distribution: assessment and prospect. Frontiers of Biogeography \n                           6 (2014).","DOI":"10.21425\/F56220607"},{"key":"4126_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12380","volume":"52","author":"TJ Matthews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matthews, T. J. & Whittaker, R. J. On the species abundance distribution in applied ecology and biodiversity management. Journal of Applied Ecology \n                           52, 443\u2013454 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"4126_CR8","unstructured":"May, R. M. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. Ecology and Evolution of Communities (eds. Cody, M. L. and Diamond, J. M.) 81\u2013120 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1975)."},{"key":"4126_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01583","volume":"422","author":"BJ McGill","year":"2003","unstructured":"McGill, B. J. A test of the unified neutral theory of biodiversity. Nature \n                           422, 881\u2013885 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4126_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01883","volume":"424","author":"I Volkov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Volkov, I., Banavar, J. R., Hubbell, S. P. & Maritan, A. Neutral theory and relative species abundance in ecology. Nature \n                           424, 1035\u20131037 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4126_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.00861","volume":"37","author":"TJ Matthews","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthews, T. J. et al. The gambin model provides a superior fit to species abundance distributions with a single free parameter: evidence, implementation and interpretation. Ecography \n                           37, 1002\u20131011 (2014).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"4126_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1086\/324787","volume":"159","author":"L Borda-de-\u00c1gua","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borda-de-\u00c1gua, L., Hubbell, S. P. & McAllister, M. Species-area curves, diversity indices, and species abundance distributions: a multifractal analysis. The American Naturalist \n                           159, 138\u2013155 (2002).","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"4126_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12269","volume":"25","author":"TJ Matthews","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matthews, T. J., Guilhaumon, F., Triantis, K. A., Borregaard, M. K. & Whittaker, R. J. On the form of species\u2013area relationships in habitat islands and true islands. Global Ecology and Biogeography \n                           25, 847\u2013858 (2016).","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"4126_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01328.x","volume":"12","author":"J Harte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harte, J., Smith, A. B. & Storch, D. Biodiversity scales from plots to biomes with a universal species-area curve. Ecology Letters \n                           12, 789\u2013797 (2009).","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"4126_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s12080-008-0031-3","volume":"2","author":"AL Sizling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sizling, A. L., Storch, D., Reif, J. & Gaston, K. J. Invariance in species-abundance distributions. Theoretical Ecology \n                           2, 89\u2013103 (2009).","journal-title":"Theoretical Ecology"},{"key":"4126_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810096106","volume":"106","author":"AL Sizling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sizling, A. L., Storch, D., Sizlingova, E., Reif, J. & Gaston, K. J. Species abundance distribution results from a spatial analogy of central limit theorem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \n                           106, 6691\u20136695 (2009).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"4126_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2009.12.001","volume":"223","author":"P Kurka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurka, P., Sizling, A. L. & Rosindell, J. Analytical evidence for scale-invariance in the shape of species abundance distributions. Mathematical Biosciences \n                           223, 151\u2013159 (2010).","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"key":"4126_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2009.17938.x","volume":"119","author":"T Zillio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zillio, T. & He, F. L. Inferring species abundance distribution across spatial scales. Oikos \n                           119, 71\u201380 (2010).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"4126_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1109\/83.941859","volume":"10","author":"R Mukundan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mukundan, R., Ong, S. H. & Lee, P. A. Image analysis by Tchebichef moments. IEEE Transaction on Image Processing \n                           10, 1357\u20131364 (2001).","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Image Processing"},{"key":"4126_CR20","unstructured":"Borges, P. A. V., Ugland, K. I., Dinis, F. O. & Gaspar, C. S. in Insect Ecology and Conservation (ed. Simone Fattorini) 47\u201370 (Research Signpost, Kerala, India, 2008)."},{"key":"4126_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2013.00829.x","volume":"123","author":"TJ Matthews","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthews, T. J., Borges, P. A. V. & Whittaker, R. J. Multimodal species abundance distributions: a deconstruction approach reveals the processes behind the pattern. Oikos \n                           123, 533\u2013544 (2014).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"4126_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borda-de-\u00c1gua, L., Hubbell, S. P. & He, F. Scaling Biodiversity under biodiversity In Scaling Biodiversity (eds. Storch, D., Marquet, P. A. & Brown, J. H.) 347\u2013375 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511814938.019"},{"key":"4126_CR23","unstructured":"Marquet, P. A., Fern\u00e1ndez, M., Navarrete, S. A. & Valdivinos, C. Diversity emerging: Toward a deconstruction of Biodiversity Patterns in Frontiers of Biogeography: New Directions in the Geography of Nature (eds. Lomolino, M. & Heaney, L.) 191\u2013209 (Sinauer, Sunderland, MA., 2004)."},{"key":"4126_CR24","unstructured":"Hubbell, S. P. The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography (Princeton University Press, NJ, 2001)."},{"key":"4126_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01101.x","volume":"10","author":"JL Green","year":"2007","unstructured":"Green, J. L. & Plotkin, J. B. A statistical theory for sampling species abundances. Ecology Letters \n                           10, 1037\u20131045 (2007).","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"4126_CR26","unstructured":"Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T. & Flannery, B. P. Numerical Recipes in C. The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1996)."},{"key":"4126_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-004-4283-y","volume":"14","author":"PA Borges","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borges, P. A. et al. Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardised sampling of soil epigean arthropods. Biodiversity & Conservation \n                           14, 2029\u20132060 (2005).","journal-title":"Biodiversity & Conservation"},{"key":"4126_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-7590.2005.04104.x","volume":"28","author":"SP Ribeiro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ribeiro, S. P. et al. Canopy insect herbivores in the Azorean Laurisilva forests: key host plant species in a highly generalist insect community. Ecography \n                           28, 315\u2013330 (2005).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"4126_CR29","unstructured":"Ramalho, R. S et al. Emergence and evolution of Santa Maria Island (Azores) - The conundrum of uplifted islands revisited. Geological Society of America Bulletin, B31538\u20131 (2016)."},{"key":"4126_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"C Gaspar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gaspar, C., Borges, P. A. V. & Gaston, K. J. Diversity and distribution of arthropods in native forests of the Azores archipelago. Life and Marine Sciences \n                           25, 1\u201330 (2008).","journal-title":"Life and Marine Sciences"},{"key":"4126_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01897.x","volume":"66","author":"PA Borges","year":"1999","unstructured":"Borges, P. A. & Brown, V. K. Effect of island geological age on the arthropod species richness of Azorean pastures. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society \n                           66, 373\u2013410 (1999).","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"4126_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12173","volume":"5","author":"P Cardoso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cardoso, P., Rigal, F., Borges, P. A. & Carvalho, J. C. A new frontier in biodiversity inventory: a proposal for estimators of phylogenetic and functional diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution \n                           5, 452\u2013461 (2014).","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"4126_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13709","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218036111","volume":"111","author":"RJ Whittaker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whittaker, R. J. et al. Functional biogeography of oceanic islands and the scaling of functional diversity in the Azores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \n                           111, 13709\u201313714 (2014).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"4126_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnard, P. C. The royal entomological society book of British insects (John Wiley & Sons, Oxford 2011).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444344981"},{"key":"4126_CR35","first-page":"5","volume":"46","author":"PAV Borges","year":"1994","unstructured":"Borges, P. A. V. & Vieira, V. The Entomological Bibliography from the Azores. II- The Taxa. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal \n                           46, 5\u201375 (1994).","journal-title":"Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal"},{"key":"4126_CR36","first-page":"5","volume":"45","author":"V Vieira","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vieira, V. & Borges, P. A. V. The Entomological Bibliography of the Azores. I- Thematic: General (mainly Biogeography), Applied Entomology, Ecology and Biospeleology. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal \n                           45, 5\u201328 (1993).","journal-title":"Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal"},{"key":"4126_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2005.00936.x","volume":"74","author":"M Williamson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williamson, M. & Gaston, K. J. The lognormal distribution is not an appropriate null hypothesis for the species\u2013abundance distribution. Journal of Animal Ecology \n                           74, 409\u2013422 (2005).","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"key":"4126_CR38","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2015)."},{"key":"4126_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N. J., Saveliev, A. A. & Smith, G. M. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R (Springer, New York, USA, 2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87458-6"},{"key":"4126_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10857","volume":"482","author":"HM Pereira","year":"1038","unstructured":"Pereira, H. M., Borda-de-\u00c1gua, L. & Martins, I. S. Geometry and scale in species\u2013area relationships. Nature \n                           482, E3\u2013E4 (1038).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4126_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2011.02652.x","volume":"39","author":"KA Triantis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Triantis, K. A., Guilhaumon, F. & Whittaker, R. J. The island species\u2013area relationship: biology and statistics. Journal of Biogeography \n                           39, 215\u2013231 (2012).","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"4126_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12286","volume":"41","author":"TJ Matthews","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthews, T. J., Steinbauer, M. J., Tzirkalli, E., Triantis, K. A. & Whittaker, R. J. Thresholds and the species\u2013area relationship: a synthetic analysis of habitat island datasets. Journal of Biogeography \n                           41, 1018\u20131028 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"4126_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/324112","volume":"159","author":"J Chave","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chave, J., Muller-Landau, H. C. & Levin, S. A. Comparing classical community models: Theoretical consequences for patterns of diversity. The American Naturalist \n                           159, 1\u201323 (2002).","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"4126_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01547","volume":"422","author":"AE Magurran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Magurran, A. E. & Henderson, P. A. Explaining the excess of rare species in natural species abundance distributions. Nature \n                           422, 714\u2013716 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4126_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01208.x","volume":"11","author":"M Dornelas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dornelas, M. & Connolly, S. R. Multiple modes in a coral species abundance distribution. Ecology Letters \n                           11, 1008\u20131016 (2008).","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"4126_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/2261477","volume":"84","author":"R Condit","year":"1996","unstructured":"Condit, R. et al. Species-area and species-individual relationships for tropical trees: a comparison of three 50-ha plots. Journal of Ecology \n                           84, 549\u2013562 (1996).","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"4126_CR47","first-page":"196","volume":"11","author":"J Flusser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Flusser, J. Moment invariants in image analysis. Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology \n                           11, 196\u2013201 (2006).","journal-title":"Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"4126_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.899621","volume":"16","author":"L Kotoulas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kotoulas, L. & Andreadis, I. Accurate calculation of image moments. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing \n                           16, 2028\u20132037 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04126-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04126-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04126-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T05:44:14Z","timestamp":1671774254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04126-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-04126-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"3899"}}