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Studies in rats and rainbow trout confirmed that DHA biosynthesis proceeds through the so-called \u201cSprecher pathway\u201d, a biosynthetic process requiring a \u03946 desaturation of 24:5n\u22123 to 24:6n\u22123. Alternatively, some teleosts possess fatty acyl desaturases 2 (Fads2) that enable them to biosynthesis DHA through a more direct route termed the \u201c\u03944 pathway\u201d. In order to elucidate the prevalence of both pathways among teleosts, we investigated the \u03946 ability towards C<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub> substrates of Fads2 from fish with different evolutionary and ecological backgrounds. Subsequently, we retrieved public databases to identify Fads2 containing the YXXN domain responsible for the \u03944 desaturase function, and consequently enabling these species to operate the \u03944 pathway. We demonstrated that, with the exception of \u03944 desaturases, fish Fads2 have the ability to operate as \u03946 desaturases towards C<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub> PUFA enabling them to synthesise DHA through the Sprecher pathway. Nevertheless, the \u03944 pathway represents an alternative route in some teleosts and we identified the presence of putative \u03944 Fads2 in a further 11 species and confirmed the function as \u03944 desaturases of Fads2 from medaka and Nile tilapia. Our results demonstrated that two alternative pathways for DHA biosynthesis exist in teleosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04288-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T13:16:55Z","timestamp":1497446215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Two alternative pathways for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) biosynthesis are widespread among teleost fish"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Oboh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-6554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Kabeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Carmona-Anto\u00f1anzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L. Filipe C.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Tocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8712-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Monroig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200203000-00002","volume":"5","author":"JT Brenna","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brenna, J. T. Efficiency of conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to long chain n\u22123 fatty in man. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care \n                           5, 127\u2013132 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. 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