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In this study, we report that shifting hPSC-CMs from glucose-containing to galactose- and fatty acid-containing medium promotes their fast maturation into adult-like CMs with higher oxidative metabolism, transcriptional signatures closer to those of adult ventricular tissue, higher myofibril density and alignment, improved calcium handling, enhanced contractility, and more physiological action potential kinetics. Integrated \u201c-Omics\u201d analyses showed that addition of galactose to culture medium improves total oxidative capacity of the cells and ameliorates fatty acid oxidation avoiding the lipotoxicity that results from cell exposure to high fatty acid levels. This study provides an important link between substrate utilization and functional maturation of hPSC-CMs facilitating the application of this promising cell type\u00a0in clinical and preclinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08713-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T11:52:16Z","timestamp":1502452336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":208,"title":["Distinct carbon sources affect structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Koshkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dongjian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Domian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"8713_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.10.014","volume":"1863","author":"C Denning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Denning, C. et al. 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