{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:13:48Z","timestamp":1770333228233,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plant litter represents a major basal resource in streams, where its decomposition is partly regulated by litter traits. Litter-trait variation may determine the latitudinal gradient in decomposition in streams, which is mainly microbial in the tropics and detritivore-mediated at high latitudes. However, this hypothesis remains untested, as we lack information on large-scale trait variation for riparian litter. Variation cannot easily be inferred from existing leaf-trait databases, since nutrient resorption can cause traits of litter and green leaves to diverge. Here we present the first global-scale assessment of riparian litter quality by determining latitudinal variation (spanning 107\u00b0) in litter traits (nutrient concentrations; physical and chemical defences) of 151 species from 24 regions and their relationships with environmental factors and phylogeny. We hypothesized that litter quality would increase with latitude (despite variation within regions) and traits would be correlated to produce \u2018syndromes\u2019 resulting from phylogeny and environmental variation. We found lower litter quality and higher nitrogen:phosphorus ratios in the tropics. Traits were linked but showed no phylogenetic signal, suggesting that syndromes were environmentally determined. Poorer litter quality and greater phosphorus limitation towards the equator may restrict detritivore-mediated decomposition, contributing to the predominance of microbial decomposers in tropical streams.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10640-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T15:08:15Z","timestamp":1504105695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Riparian plant litter quality increases with latitude"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Luz","family":"Boyero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel A. S.","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"J. Swafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Landeira-Dabarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markos","family":"A. Alexandrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark O.","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brendan G.","family":"McKie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Albari\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leon A.","family":"Barmuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Callisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Char\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chauvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Checo","family":"Col\u00f3n-Gaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Dudgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Encalada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Flecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Fleituch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Frainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Helson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jude","family":"Mathooko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles","family":"M\u2019Erimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Pringle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alonso","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Yule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10640_CR1","unstructured":"Coley, P. D. & Aide, T. M. In Plant-Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions (eds Price, P. W., Lewinsohn, T. M., Fernandes, G. W. & Benson, W. W.) 25\u201349 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991)."},{"key":"10640_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-012-2249-4","volume":"169","author":"RJ Marquis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marquis, R. J., Ricklefs, R. E. & Abdala-Roberts, L. Testing the low latitude\/high defense hypothesis for broad-leaved tree species. Oecologia \n                           169, 811\u2013820, doi:10.1007\/s00442-012-2249-4 (2012).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10640_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2307\/3544689","volume":"39","author":"H Petersen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Petersen, H. & Luxton, M. A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes. Oikos \n                           39, 288\u2013388 (1982).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.102","volume":"277","author":"J Wallace","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wallace, J., Eggert, S., Meyer, J. & Webster, J. Multiple trophic levels of a forest stream linked to terrestrial litter inputs. Science \n                           277, 102\u2013104 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.01.010","volume":"25","author":"MO Gessner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gessner, M. O. et al. Diversity meets decomposition. Trends in Ecology and Evolution \n                           25, 372\u2013380, doi:10.1016\/j.tree.2010.01.010 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10640_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12760","volume":"503","author":"PA Raymond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raymond, P. A. et al. Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters. Nature \n                           503, 355\u2013359, doi:10.1038\/nature12760 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10640_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo618","volume":"2","author":"TJ Battin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Battin, T. J. et al. The boundless carbon cycle. Nature Geoscience \n                           2, 598\u2013600, doi:10.1038\/ngeo618 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"10640_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2507","volume":"8","author":"ER Hotchkiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, E. R. et al. Sources of and processes controlling CO2 emissions change with the size of streams and rivers. Nature Geoscience \n                           8, 696\u2013699, doi:10.1038\/ngeo2507 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"10640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.17.110186.003031","volume":"17","author":"JR Webster","year":"1986","unstructured":"Webster, J. R. & Benfield, E. F. Vascular plant breakdown in freshwater ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics \n                           17, 567\u2013594 (1986).","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"key":"10640_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01578.x","volume":"14","author":"L Boyero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boyero, L. et al. A global experiment suggests climate warming will not accelerate litter decomposition in streams but may reduce carbon sequestration. Ecology letters \n                           14, 289\u2013294, doi:10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01578.x (2011).","journal-title":"Ecology letters"},{"key":"10640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1890\/10-2244.1","volume":"92","author":"L Boyero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boyero, L. et al. Global distribution of a key trophic guild contrasts with common latitudinal diversity patterns. Ecology \n                           92, 1839\u20131848, doi:10.1890\/10-2244.1 (2011).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2011.00673.x","volume":"21","author":"L Boyero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boyero, L. et al. Global patterns of stream detritivore distribution: implications for biodiversity loss in changing climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography \n                           21, 134\u2013141, doi:10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2011.00673.x (2012).","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"10640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boyero, L. et al. Latitudinal gradient of nestedness and its potential drivers in stream detritivores. Ecography \n                           38, doi:10.1111\/ecog.00982 (2015).","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.00982"},{"key":"10640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1899\/0887-3593(2006)25[216:DPBISA]2.0.CO;2","volume":"25","author":"KM Wantzen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wantzen, K. M. & Wagner, R. Detritus processing by invertebrate shredders: a neotropical\u2013temperate comparison. Journal of the North American Benthological Society \n                           25, 216\u2013232 (2006).","journal-title":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society"},{"key":"10640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1890\/08-1597.1","volume":"90","author":"MH Schindler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schindler, M. H. & Gessner, M. O. Functional leaf traits and biodiversity effects on litter decomposition in a stream. Ecology \n                           90, 1641\u20131649, doi:10.1890\/08-1597.1 (2009).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.12749","volume":"61","author":"V Ferreira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferreira, V. et al. Leaf litter decomposition in remote oceanic island streams is driven by microbes and depends on litter quality and environmental conditions. Freshwater Biology \n                           61, 783\u2013799 (2016).","journal-title":"Freshwater Biology"},{"key":"10640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1076.1","volume":"91","author":"S Coq","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coq, S., Souquet, J. M., Meudec, E., Cheynier, V. & H\u00e4ttenschwiler, S. Interspecific variation in leaf litter tannins drives decomposition in a tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Ecology \n                           91, 2080\u20132091 (2010).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-008-8117-y","volume":"71","author":"AOY Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, A. O. Y., Ng, L. C. Y. & Dudgeon, D. Effects of leaf toughness and nitrogen content on litter breakdown and macroinvertebrates in a tropical stream. Aquatic Sciences \n                           71, 80\u201393, doi:10.1007\/s00027-008-8117-y (2009).","journal-title":"Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"10640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12589","volume":"30","author":"P Garc\u00eda-Palacios","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Palacios, P., McKie, B. G., Handa, I. T., Frainer, A. & H\u00e4ttenschwiler, S. The importance of litter traits and decomposers for litter decomposition: A comparison of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems within and across biomes. Functional Ecology \n                           30, 819\u2013829, doi:10.1111\/1365-2435.12589 (2016).","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1899\/12-152.1","volume":"32","author":"RA MacKenzie","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacKenzie, R. A., Wiegner, T. N., Kinslow, F., Cormier, N. & Strauch, A. M. Leaf-litter inputs from an invasive nitrogen-fixing tree influence organic-matter dynamics and nitrogen inputs in a Hawaiian river. Freshwater Science \n                           32, 1036\u20131052, doi:10.1899\/12-152.1 (2013).","journal-title":"Freshwater Science"},{"key":"10640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01219.x","volume":"11","author":"WK Cornwell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cornwell, W. K. et al. Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter decomposition rates within biomes worldwide. Ecology letters \n                           11, 1065\u20131071, doi:10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01219.x (2008).","journal-title":"Ecology letters"},{"key":"10640_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtn002","volume":"1","author":"D Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Hui, D., Luo, Y. & Zhou, G. Rates of litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: global patterns and controlling factors. Journal of Plant Ecology \n                           1, 85\u201393, doi:10.1093\/jpe\/rtn002 (2008).","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01826.x","volume":"15","author":"M Makkonen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Makkonen, M. et al. Highly consistent effects of plant litter identity and functional traits on decomposition across a latitudinal gradient. Ecology letters \n                           15, 1033\u20131041, doi:10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01826.x (2012).","journal-title":"Ecology letters"},{"key":"10640_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12137","volume":"16","author":"P Garc\u00eda-Palacios","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Palacios, P., Maestre, F. T., Kattge, J. & Wall, D. H. Climate and litter quality differently modulate the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition across biomes. Ecology letters \n                           16, 1045\u20131053, doi:10.1111\/ele.12137 (2013).","journal-title":"Ecology letters"},{"key":"10640_CR25","first-page":"209","volume":"38","author":"T Dobzhansky","year":"1950","unstructured":"Dobzhansky, T. Evolution in the tropics. American Scientist \n                           38, 209\u2013221 (1950).","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"10640_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.305","volume":"27","author":"PD Coley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Coley, P. D. & Barone, J. A. Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics \n                           27, 305\u2013335 (1996).","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"key":"10640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403588101","volume":"101","author":"PB Reich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reich, P. B. & Oleksyn, J. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA \n                           101, 11001\u201311006, doi:10.1073\/pnas.0403588101 (2004).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"10640_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01814.x","volume":"25","author":"AT Moles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moles, A. T., Bonser, S. P., Poore, A. G. B., Wallis, I. R. & Foley, W. J. Assessing the evidence for latitudinal gradients in plant defence and herbivory. Functional Ecology \n                           25, 380\u2013388, doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01814.x (2011).","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2009.00474.x","volume":"18","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yuan, Z. & Chen, H. Y. H. Global trends in senesced-leaf nitrogen and phosphorus. Global Ecology and Biogeography \n                           18, 532\u2013542 (2009).","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"10640_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2008.00425.x","volume":"18","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yuan, Z. & Chen, H. Y. H. Global-scale patterns of nutrient resorption associated with latitude, temperature and precipitation. Global Ecology and Biogeography \n                           18, 11\u201318 (2009).","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"10640_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1955:GOLTRA]2.0.CO;2","volume":"80","author":"PB Reich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reich, P. B. et al. Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes. Ecology \n                           80, 1955\u20131969 (1999).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/17276","volume":"397","author":"OA Chadwick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chadwick, O. A., Derry, L. A., Vitousek, P. M., Huebert, B. J. & Hedin, L. O. Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development. Nature \n                           397, 491\u2013497 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10640_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1890\/08-0127.1","volume":"20","author":"PM Vitousek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vitousek, P. M., Porder, S., Houlton, B. Z. & Chadwick, O. A. Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen\u2013phosphorus interactions. Ecological Applications \n                           20, 5\u201315 (2010).","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"10640_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07028","volume":"454","author":"BZ Houlton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Houlton, B. Z., Wang, Y. P., Vitousek, P. M. & Field, C. B. A unifying framework for dinitrogen fixation in the terrestrial biosphere. Nature \n                           454, 327 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10640_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2008.01393.x","volume":"96","author":"L Vivanco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vivanco, L. & Austin, A. T. Tree species identity alters forest litter decomposition through long-term plant and soil interactions in Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Ecology \n                           96, 727\u2013736, doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2008.01393.x (2008).","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00345794","volume":"29","author":"LR Fox","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fox, L. R. & Macauley, B. J. Insect grazing on Eucalyptus in response to variation in leaf tannins and nitrogen. Oecologia \n                           29, 145\u2013162 (1977).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10640_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2006.11.019","volume":"239","author":"J Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang, J., Wang, X. & Yan, E. Leaf nutrient concentration, nutrient resorption and litter decomposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China. Forest Ecology and Management \n                           239, 150\u2013158, doi:10.1016\/j.foreco.2006.11.019 (2007).","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"10640_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03732.x","volume":"191","author":"AT Moles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moles, A. T. et al. Putting plant resistance traits on the map: a test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes. New Phytologist \n                           191, 777\u2013788, doi:10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03732.x (2011).","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"10640_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1890\/04-1257","volume":"86","author":"CS Salgado","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salgado, C. S. & Pennings, S. C. Latitudinal variation in palatability of salt-marsh plants: Are differences constitutive? Ecology \n                           86, 1571\u20131579 (2005).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horner, J. D., Cates, R. G. & Gosz, J. R. Tannin, nitrogen, and cell wall composition of green vs. senescent Douglas-fir foliage. Oecologia, 515\u2013519 (1987).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378976"},{"key":"10640_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01861-9","volume":"15","author":"S H\u00e4ttenschwiler","year":"2000","unstructured":"H\u00e4ttenschwiler, S. & Vitousek, P. M. The role of polyphenols in terrestrial ecosystem nutrient cycling. Trends in Ecology and Evolution \n                           15, 238\u2013243 (2000).","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10640_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02438.x","volume":"179","author":"S H\u00e4ttenschwiler","year":"2008","unstructured":"H\u00e4ttenschwiler, S., Aeschlimann, B., Couteaux, M. M., Roy, J. & Bonal, D. High variation in foliage and leaf litter chemistry among 45 tree species of a neotropical rainforest community. New Phytologist \n                           179, 165\u2013175, doi:10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02438.x (2008).","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"10640_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1890\/04-1830","volume":"86","author":"RK Kobe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kobe, R. K., Lepczyk, C. A. & Iyer, M. Resorption efficiency decreases with increasing green leaf nutrients in a global data set. Ecology \n                           86, 2780\u20132792, doi:10.1890\/04-1830 (2005).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02403","volume":"428","author":"IJ Wright","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wright, I. J. et al. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature \n                           428, 821\u2013827 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10640_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1672.1","volume":"80","author":"NJ Kraft","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kraft, N. J. & Ackerly, D. D. Functional trait and phylogenetic tests of community assembly across spatial scales in an Amazonian forest. Ecological Monographs \n                           80, 401\u2013422 (2010).","journal-title":"Ecological Monographs"},{"key":"10640_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2009.10.004","volume":"36","author":"IA Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silva, I. A. & Batalha, M. A. Woody plant species co-occurrence in Brazilian savannas under different fire frequencies. Acta Oecologica \n                           36, 85\u201391 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Oecologica"},{"key":"10640_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2012.00196.x","volume":"3","author":"T M\u00fcnkem\u00fcller","year":"2012","unstructured":"M\u00fcnkem\u00fcller, T. et al. How to measure and test phylogenetic signal. Methods in Ecology and Evolution \n                           3, 743\u2013756, doi:10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2012.00196.x (2012).","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10640_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2010.06502.x","volume":"34","author":"BR Krasnov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krasnov, B. R., Poulin, R. & Mouillot, D. Scale-dependence of phylogenetic signal in ecological traits of ectoparasites. Ecography \n                           34, 114\u2013122, doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2010.06502.x (2011).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"10640_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2664","volume":"283","author":"L Boyero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boyero, L. et al. Biotic and abiotic variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: a global study. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \n                           283, 20152664 (2016).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10640_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00014278","volume":"160","author":"JGI Irons","year":"2988","unstructured":"Irons, J. G. I., Oswood, M. W. & Bryant, J. P. Consumption of leaf detritus by a stream shredder: Influence of tree species and nutrient status. Hydrobiologia \n                           160, 53\u201361 (2988).","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10640_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-013-1605-7","volume":"718","author":"NM Connolly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Connolly, N. M. & Pearson, R. G. Nutrient enrichment of a heterotrophic stream alters leaf litter nutritional quality and shredder physiological condition via the microbial pathway. Hydrobiologia \n                           718, 85\u201392, doi:10.1007\/s10750-013-1605-7 (2013).","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10640_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2008.02138.x","volume":"54","author":"S Hladyz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hladyz, S., Gessner, M. O., Giller, P. S., Pozo, J. & Woodward, G. Resource quality and stoichiometric constraints on stream ecosystem functioning. Freshwater Biology \n                           54, 957\u2013970, doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2008.02138.x (2009).","journal-title":"Freshwater Biology"},{"key":"10640_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2005.01458.x","volume":"50","author":"WF Cross","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cross, W. F., Benstead, J. P., Frost, P. C. & Thomas, S. A. Ecological stoichiometry in freshwater benthic systems: recent progress and perspectives. Freshwater Biology \n                           50, 1895\u20131912, doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2005.01458.x (2005).","journal-title":"Freshwater Biology"},{"key":"10640_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01478.x","volume":"23","author":"S G\u00fcsewell","year":"2009","unstructured":"G\u00fcsewell, S. & Gessner, M. O. N: P ratios influence litter decomposition and colonization by fungi and bacteria in microcosms. Functional Ecology \n                           23, 211\u2013219, doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01478.x (2009).","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"10640_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.02687","volume":"125","author":"A Frainer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frainer, A. et al. Stoichiometric imbalances between detritus and detritivores are related to shifts in ecosystem functioning. Oikos \n                           125, 861\u2013871, doi:10.1111\/oik.02687 (2016).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10640_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2632(200107)86:4\/5<383::AID-IROH383>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"86","author":"MAS Gra\u00e7a","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gra\u00e7a, M. A. S. The role of invertebrates on leaf litter decomposition in streams \u2013 a review. International Review of Hydrobiology \n                           86, 383\u2013393 (2001).","journal-title":"International Review of Hydrobiology"},{"key":"10640_CR57","unstructured":"Gessner, M. O. & Steiner, D. In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition: A Practical Guide (eds Gra\u00e7a, M. A. S., Barloch\u00ebr, F. & Gessner. M. O.) 107\u2013113 (Springer, 2005)."},{"key":"10640_CR58","unstructured":"Flindt, M. R. & Lillebo, A. I. In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition: A Practical Guide (eds Gra\u00e7a, M. A. S., B\u00e4rlocher, F. & Gessner, M. O.) (Springer, 2005)."},{"key":"10640_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1276","volume":"25","author":"RJ Hijmans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology \n                           25, 1965\u20131978, doi:10.1002\/joc.1276 (2005).","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"key":"10640_CR60","unstructured":"FAO. World reference base for soil resources 2006. A framework for international classification, correlation and communication. (Rome, 2006)."},{"key":"10640_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x","volume":"47","author":"HN Batjes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Batjes, H. N. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science \n                           47, 151\u2013163 (1996).","journal-title":"European Journal of Soil Science"},{"key":"10640_CR62","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing v. 3.1.1 (2016)."},{"key":"10640_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2010.00012.x","volume":"1","author":"H Schielzeth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schielzeth, H. Simple means to improve the interpretability of regression coefficients. Methods in Ecology and Evolution \n                           1, 103\u2013113 (2010).","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10640_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinn, G. P. & Keough, M. J. Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. (Cambridge University Press, 2002).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511806384"},{"key":"10640_CR65","unstructured":"Zuur, A. F. & Ieno, E. N. A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Data Exploration and Visualisation with R. (Highland Statistics Ltd, 2015)."},{"key":"10640_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N., Saveliev, A. A. & Smith, G. M. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology With R. (Springer, 2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87458-6"},{"key":"10640_CR67","unstructured":"Pinheiro, J. C., Bates, D. M., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D. & R Core Team. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package. R package version 3.1\u2013130 (2016)."},{"key":"10640_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. (Springer Science & Business Media, 2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"10640_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v017.i01","volume":"17","author":"U Gr\u00f6mping","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6mping, U. Relative importance for linear regression in R: the package relaimpo. Journal of Statistical Software \n                           17, 1\u201327 (2006).","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"10640_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, S. Generalized additive models: an introduction with R. (Chapman and Hall\/CRC, 2006).","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420010404"},{"key":"10640_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00472.x","volume":"15","author":"SP Blomberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blomberg, S. P. & Garland, T. J. Tempo and mode in evolution: phylogenetic inertia, adaptation and comparative methods. Journal of Evoutionary Biology \n                           15, 899\u2013910 (2002).","journal-title":"Journal of Evoutionary Biology"},{"key":"10640_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12872","volume":"506","author":"AE Zanne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zanne, A. E. et al. Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments. Nature \n                           506, 89\u201392, doi:10.1038\/nature12872 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10640_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00829.x","volume":"5","author":"CO Webb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Webb, C. O. & Donoghue, M. J. Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics. Molecular Ecology Notes \n                           5, 181\u2013183 (2005).","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Notes"},{"key":"10640_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huerta-Cepas, J., Serra, F. & Bork, P. ETE 3: Reconstruction, analysis and visualization of phylogenomic data. Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093\/molbev\/msw046 (2016).","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw046"},{"key":"10640_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/351619a0","volume":"351","author":"PH Harvey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Harvey, P. H. & Purvis, A. Comparative methods for explaining adaptations. Nature \n                           351, 619\u2013624 (1991).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10640_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00169.x","volume":"3","author":"L Revell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Revell, L. J. hytools: An R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods in Ecology and Evolution \n                           3, 217\u2013223 (2012).","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"10640_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6053","volume":"5","author":"L Comte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Comte, L., Murienne, J. & Grenouillet, G. Species traits and phylogenetic conservatism of climate-induced range shifts in stream fishes. Nature Communications \n                           5, 5023, doi:10.1038\/ncomms6053 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10640-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10640-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10640-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T10:25:58Z","timestamp":1671791158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-10640-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-10640-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"10562"}}