{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:37:10Z","timestamp":1763480230728},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between nutritional status and gait speed remains unclear. This study described gait speed in older adults and quantified the association between overweight, obesity, undernutrition risk and gait speed. Gait speed as potential indicator of nutritional outcomes was also explored. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a population-based sample of 1,500 older adults \u226565 years old. Compared to \u201cnormal body mass index\u201d women, odds ratio for a slow gait speed was approximately 2-fold higher in\u201coverweight\u201d, 4-fold higher in \u201cobese\u201d and 6-fold higher in women at \u201cundernutrition risk\u201d. \u201cUndernutrition risk\u201d category resulted from joining \u201cundernutrition risk\/undernutrition\u201d. For men, these associations were in the same direction, but the odds ratio estimates halved. In women, identified gait speed cut-offs were 0.87\u2009m\/s for \u201cobesity\u201d and 0.79\u2009m\/s for \u201cundernutrition risk\u201d. In men, 0.94\u2009m\/s is the cut-off in which most older adults were correctly classified relative to \u201cundernutrition risk\u201d. About half of Portuguese older adults presented a gait speed \u22640.8\u2009m\/s. Overweight, obesity and undernutrition risk were directly and increasingly associated with slow gait speed, but approximately twice as high in women compared to men. Gait speed revealed potential utility in marking nutritional problems, but further investigation is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22584-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T10:32:38Z","timestamp":1520245958000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Nutritional status and gait speed in a nationwide population-based sample of older adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Negr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa F.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"22584_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12379","volume":"15","author":"K Beaton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beaton, K., McEvoy, C. & Grimmer, K. Identifying indicators of early functional decline in community-dwelling older people: a review. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 15(2), 133\u201340 (2015).","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"22584_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regg.2015.12.010","volume":"52","author":"M Inzitari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inzitari, M. et al. [Do you measure gait speed in your daily clinical practice? A review]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 52(1), 35\u201343 (2017).","journal-title":"Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol."},{"key":"22584_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.01.032","volume":"147","author":"M Asp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asp, M., Simonsson, B., Larm, P. & Molarius, A. Physical mobility, physical activity, and obesity among elderly: findings from a large population-based Swedish survey. Public Health. 147, 84\u201391 (2017).","journal-title":"Public Health."},{"issue":"11","key":"22584_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03659.x","volume":"59","author":"MJ Kaiser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaiser, M. J. et al. Prospective validation of the modified mini nutritional assessment short-forms in the community, nursing home, and rehabilitation setting. J Am Geriatr Soc. 59(11), 2124\u20138 (2011).","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"22584_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0631-8","volume":"20","author":"S Molino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Molino, S., Dossena, M., Buonocore, D. & Verri, M. Sarcopenic Obesity: An Appraisal of the Current Status of Knowledge and Management in Elderly People. J Nutr Health Aging. 20(7), 780\u20138 (2016).","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"issue":"5","key":"22584_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.03.012","volume":"112","author":"JV White","year":"2012","unstructured":"White, J. V., Guenter, P., Jensen, G., Malone, A. & Schofield, M. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Malnutrition Work Group; A.S.P.E.N. Malnutrition Task Force; A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics\/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet. 112(5), 730\u20138 (2012).","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet."},{"key":"22584_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.09.010","volume":"30","author":"K Norman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Norman, K., Stob\u00e4us, N., Gonzalez, M. C., Schulzke, J. D. & Pirlich, M. Hand grip strength: outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clin Nutr. 30, 135\u2013142 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"22584_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12839","volume":"17","author":"S Misu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Misu, S. et al. Association between gait abnormality and malnutrition in a community-dwelling elderly population. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 17(8), 1155\u20131160 (2016).","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"key":"22584_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amaral T. F. et al. Nutritional Strategies Facing an Older Demographic: The Nutrition UP 65 Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 14;5(3):e184, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/resprot.6037 (2016).","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.6037"},{"key":"22584_CR10","first-page":"46","volume":"26","author":"M Guerreiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guerreiro, M. Testes de rastreio de defeito cognitivo e dem\u00eancia: uma perspectiva pr\u00e1tica. Rev Port Clin Geral. 26, 46\u201353 (2010).","journal-title":"Rev Port Clin Geral."},{"key":"22584_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Body mass index classification. Copyright WHO (2006). http:\/\/apps.who.int\/bmi\/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html [accessed 2017-05-22]."},{"key":"22584_CR12","unstructured":"Nestle Nutrition Institute. MNA-Mini Nutritional Assessment. http:\/\/www.mna-elderly.com\/forms\/mini\/mna_mini_portuguese.pdf [accessed 2017-05-22]."},{"issue":"9","key":"22584_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0214-7","volume":"13","author":"MJ Kaiser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaiser, M. J. et al. Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-SF): a practical tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 13(9), 782\u20138 (2009).","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"issue":"2","key":"22584_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2466\/10.25.26.PMS.114.2.469-478","volume":"114","author":"CY Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, C. Y., Chen, T. R., Lin, Y. H., Liu, M. H. & Chen, Y. C. Gait speed measure: the effect of different measuring distances and the inclusion and exclusion of acceleration and deceleration. Percept Mot Skills. 114(2), 469\u201378 (2012).","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills."},{"key":"22584_CR15","unstructured":"Porta M. A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 6th edition Publisher: Oxford University Press Editor (2014)."},{"issue":"2","key":"22584_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00580.x","volume":"54","author":"J Verghese","year":"2006","unstructured":"Verghese, J. et al. Epidemiology of gait disorders in community-residing older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 54(2), 255\u201361 (2006).","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"22584_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2003.00299.x","volume":"13","author":"JL Andersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andersen, J. L. Muscle fibre type adaptation in the elderly human muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 13(1), 40\u20137 (2003).","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports."},{"issue":"7","key":"22584_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-016-1133-y","volume":"49","author":"J Wojzischke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wojzischke, J., Diekmann, R. & Bauer, J. M. Obesity in old age and its importance for functionality and frailty. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 49(7), 573\u201380 (2016).","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"22584_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S100546","volume":"25","author":"SM Bindawas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bindawas, S. M. Relationship between frequent knee pain o, and gait speed in older adults: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Clin Interv Aging. 25(11), 237\u201344 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"issue":"5","key":"22584_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M326","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.5.M326","volume":"57","author":"M Visser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Visser, M. et al. Relationship of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly men and women: the Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 57(5), M326\u201332 (2002).","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"22584_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0019-1","volume":"18","author":"O Addison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Addison, O. et al. Intramuscular fat and inflammation differ in older adults: the impact of frailty and inactivity. J Nutr Health Aging. 18(5), 532\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"22584_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.011","volume":"35","author":"O Osofundiya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Osofundiya, O., Benden, M. E., Dowdy, D. & Mehta, R. K. Obesity-specific neural cost of maintaining gait performance under complex conditions in community-dwelling older adults. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 35, 42\u20138 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)."},{"issue":"2","key":"22584_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X15626521","volume":"21","author":"MM McDermott","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDermott, M. M. et al. Community walking speed, sedentary or lying down time, and mortality in peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med. 21(2), 120\u20139 (2016).","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"22584_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.196","volume":"70","author":"M Naseer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naseer, M., Forssell, H. & Fagerstr\u00f6m, C. Malnutrition, functional ability and mortality among older people aged word \u226560 years: a 7-year longitudinal study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 70(3), 399\u2013404 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"22584_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0034-7","volume":"17","author":"J Bollwein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bollwein, J. et al. Nutritional status according to the mini nutritional assessment (MNA\u00ae) and frailty in community dwelling older persons: a close relationship. J Nutr Health Aging. 17(4), 351\u20136 (2013).","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"issue":"11","key":"22584_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011000346","volume":"14","author":"T Kaburagi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaburagi, T. et al. Nutritional status is strongly correlated with grip strength and depression in community-living elderly Japanese. Public Health Nutr. 14(11), 1893 (2011).","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"22584_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.117","volume":"68","author":"JA Batsis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Batsis, J. A., Mackenzie, T. A., Barre, L. K., Lopez-Jimenez, F. & Bartels, S. J. Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and mortality in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Eur J Clin Nutr. 68(9), 1001\u20137 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"22584_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.3.324","volume":"60","author":"M Visser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Visser, M. et al. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 60(3), 324\u201333 (2005).","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"22584_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20734","volume":"22","author":"D Scott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scott, D. et al. Sarcopenic obesity and dynapenicobesity: 5-year associations with falls risk in middle-aged and older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 22(6), 1568\u201374 (2014).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"5","key":"22584_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.06.010","volume":"31","author":"CM Prado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prado, C. M., Wells, J. C., Smith, S. R., Stephan, B. C. & Siervo, M. Sarcopenic obesity: A Critical appraisal of the current evidence. Clin Nutr. 31(5), 583\u2013601 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"22584_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607113486007","volume":"38","author":"J Mendes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendes, J., Azevedo, A. & Amaral, T. F. Handgrip strength at admission and time to discharge in medical and surgical inpatients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 38(4), 481\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"22584_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.11.015","volume":"115","author":"RS Guerra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guerra, R. S., Fonseca, I., Pichel, F., Restivo, M. T. & Amaral, T. F. Usefulness of six diagnostic and screening measures for undernutrition in predicting length of hospital stay: a comparative analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. 115(6), 927\u201338 (2015).","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet."},{"issue":"3","key":"22584_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047860","volume":"97","author":"KM Beavers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beavers, K. M. et al. Associations between body composition and gait-speed decline: results from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Am J Clin Nutr. 97(3), 552\u201360 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"22584_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.001","volume":"34","author":"T Cederholm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cederholm, T. et al. Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN Consensus Statement. Clin Nutr. 34(3), 335\u201340 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"22584_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004626","volume":"14","author":"M L\u00f3pez-Ortega","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ortega, M. & Arroyo, P. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition in Mexican older adults: age and sex differences. Br J Nutr. 115(3), 490\u20139 (2016).\u00a0","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"22584_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.11.020","volume":"38","author":"YP Lim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lim, Y. P., Lin, Y. C. & Pandy, M. G. Muscle function during gait is invariant to age when walking speed is controlled. Gait Posture. 38(2), 253\u20139 (2013).","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"key":"22584_CR37","unstructured":"Workgroup of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Evidence Based Committee. Obesity and total joint arthroplasty: a literature based review. J Arthroplasty. 28:714\u201321 (2013)."},{"issue":"2","key":"22584_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0568-8","volume":"29","author":"W Inoue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inoue, W. et al. Are there different factors affecting walking speed and gait cycle variability between men and women in community-dwelling older adults? Aging Clin Exp Res. 29(2), 215\u201321 (2017).","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"22584_CR39","unstructured":"Fletcher, R. H. & Fletcher, S. W. Clinical epidemiology: The essentials. 4th edition Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2005)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-22584-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-22584-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-22584-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T03:19:58Z","timestamp":1671592798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-22584-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["22584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-22584-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"4227"}}