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Here, we investigated the isoprenoid emission from two Mediterranean Cistaceae shrubs, <jats:italic>Halimium halimifolium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cistus ladanifer<\/jats:italic>, under controlled and natural conditions, respectively. For the first time, diurnal emission patterns of the diterpene kaurene were detected in real-time by Proton-Transfer-Reaction-Time-of-Flight-Mass-Spectrometer. Kaurene emissions were strongly variable among <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>halimifolium<\/jats:italic> plants, ranging from 0.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.003 to 0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 nmol m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in low and high emitting individuals, respectively. They were in the same order of magnitude as monoterpene (0.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 to 0.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 nmol m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and sesquiterpene (0.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 to 0.52 nmol m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) emission rates. Comparable range and variability was found for <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ladanifer<\/jats:italic> under natural conditions. Labelling with <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C-pyruvate suggested that emitted kaurene was not derived from <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> biosynthesis. The high kaurene content in leaves, the weak relationship with ecophysiological parameters and the tendency of higher emissions with increasing temperatures in the field indicate an emission from storage pools. This study highlights significant emissions of kaurene from two Mediterranean shrub species, indicating that the release of diterpenes into the atmosphere should probably deserve more attention in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25056-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T14:54:01Z","timestamp":1524668041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Volatile diterpene emission by two Mediterranean Cistaceae shrubs"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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