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Such organisms may provide novel treatment options for osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal conditions, helping to address their large healthcare burden and the limitations of current therapies. In this study, extracts from two red algae \u2013 <jats:italic>Plocamium lyngbyanum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ceramium secundatum<\/jats:italic> \u2013 were tested <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> for their osteogenic potential. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, the growth of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) was significantly greater in the presence of the extracts, particularly with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lyngbyanum<\/jats:italic> treatment. Osteogenic differentiation was promoted more by <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>secundatum<\/jats:italic> (70\u2009\u00b5g\/ml), though <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lyngbyanum<\/jats:italic> had greater <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> mineralisation potential. Both species caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in the opercular bone area of zebrafish larvae. Our findings therefore indicate the presence of bioactive components in <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lyngbyanum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>secundatum<\/jats:italic> extracts, which can promote both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> osteogenic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26024-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T15:18:13Z","timestamp":1525965493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Red algal extracts from Plocamium lyngbyanum and Ceramium secundatum stimulate osteogenic activities in vitro and bone growth in zebrafish larvae"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2733-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. 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