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The mutational frequency of <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> genes in lung adenocarcinoma varies worldwide per ethnicity and smoking. The impact of <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations in Brazilian lung cancer remains poorly explored. Thus, we investigated the frequency of <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations in a large Brazilian series of lung adenocarcinoma together with patients\u2019 genetic ancestry, clinicopathological and sociodemographic characteristics. The mutational frequency of <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> was 22.7% and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> was 20.4%. The average ancestry proportions were 73.1% for EUR, 13.1% for AFR, 6.5% for AME and 7.3% for ASN. <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> mutations were independently associated with never-smokers, high-Asian ancestry, and better performance status. <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations were independently associated with tobacco exposure and non-Asian ancestry. <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic>-exon 20 mutations were associated with worse outcome. The Cox regression model indicated a worse outcome for patients whose were older at diagnosis (&gt;61 y), solid histological subtype, loss of weight (&gt;10%), worse performance status (\u22652), and presence of <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations and <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> mutational status in TKi non-treated patients. In conclusion, we assessed the clinicopathological and ethnic impact of <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations in the largest series reported of Brazilian lung adenocarcinomas. These findings can support future clinical strategies for Brazilian lung cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39965-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T11:06:43Z","timestamp":1551438403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Mutational profile of Brazilian lung adenocarcinoma unveils association of EGFR mutations with high Asian ancestry and independent prognostic role of KRAS mutations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Let\u00edcia Ferro","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Escremim","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"De Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"de Souza Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gustavo Dix Junqueira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolina Dias","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gustavo Noriz","family":"Berardinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose\u0301 Elias","family":"Miziara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos Maciel","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo Caetano Albino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristovam","family":"Scapulatempo-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9639-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Manuel","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"39965_CR1","unstructured":"IARC. 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