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Our objective was to evaluate the influence of HCV coinfection in HIV-1 viral reservoir size in resting (r) CD4+ T-cells (CD25-CD69-HLADR-). Multicenter cross-sectional study of 97 cART-treated HIV-1 patients, including 36 patients with HIV and HCV-chronic co-infection without anti-HCV treatment, 32 HIV patients with HCV spontaneous clearance and 29 HIV-monoinfected patients. rCD4+ T-cells were isolated and total DNA was extracted. HIV viral reservoir was measured by Alu-LTR qPCR. Differences between groups were calculated with a generalized linear model. Overall, 63.9% were men, median age of 41 years and Caucasian. Median CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were 725 and 858 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, respectively. CD4+ T nadir cells was 305 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Proviral HIV-1 DNA size was significantly increased in chronic HIV\/HCV-coinfected compared to HIV-monoinfected patients (206.21\u2009\u00b1\u200947.38<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 87.34\u2009\u00b1\u200922.46, respectively;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), as well as in spontaneously clarified HCV co-infected patients when compared to HIV-monoinfected individuals (136.20\u2009\u00b1\u200933.20;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). HIV-1\/HCV co-infected patients showed a larger HIV-1 reservoir size in comparison to HIV-monoinfected individuals. This increase could lead to a greater complexity in the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir in HIV-1\/HCV-coinfected individuals, which should be considered in the current strategies for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41788-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T10:17:37Z","timestamp":1554286657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["HCV-coinfection is related to an increased HIV-1 reservoir size in cART-treated HIV patients: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"L\u00f3pez-Huertas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8148-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Palladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Garrido-Arquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Esteban-Cartelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Mart\u00edn-Carbonero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6018-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ignacio De Los","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara De La Fuente","family":"Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7172-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Rall\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alcam\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Resino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5110-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayte","family":"Coiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2297-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Briz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"on behalf of the Multidisciplinary Group of viral coinfection HIV\/Hepatitis (COVIHEP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"\u00c1ngel-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bermejo-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Otilia","family":"Bisbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Brochado-Kith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Castro-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victorino","family":"Diez-Vi\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"G\u00e1lvez-Charro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fraile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"G\u00f3mez-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Lagarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Matarranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mate-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Mayoral-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Santacreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Sanz-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Taveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Troya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Cortegano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"41788_CR1","unstructured":"Unaids. 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