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However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly determined. To address this issue, we implanted multichannel arrays of electrodes in the prelimbic cortex (PL-mPFC), and in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 field (dCA1) to record the neural activity during the performance of a delayed non-match to sample (DNMS) task. The prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity was selectively modulated by bidirectional optogenetic inhibition or stimulation of local PL-mPFC glutamatergic calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II alpha (CaMKII\u03b1) expressing neurons during the DNMS task delay-period. The within-subject behavioral performance was assessed using a persistent neuropathic pain model \u2013 spared nerve injury (SNI). Our results showed that the induction of the neuropathic pain condition affects the interplay between PL-mPFC and dCA1 regions in a frequency-dependent manner, and that occurs particularly across theta oscillations while rats performed the task. In SNI-treated rats, this disruption was reversed by the selective optogenetic inhibition of PL-mPFC CaMKII\u03b1-expressing neurons during the last portion of the delay-period, but without any significant effect on pain responses. Finally, we found that prefrontal-hippocampal theta connectivity is strictly associated with higher performance levels. Together, our findings suggest that PL-mPFC CaMKII\u03b1-expressing neurons could be modulated by painful conditions and their activity may be critical for prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity during WM processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47555-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T10:21:36Z","timestamp":1564395696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Bidirectional optogenetic modulation of prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity in pain-related working memory deficits"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Cardoso-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Galhardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"47555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01880.1997","volume":"17","author":"SB Floresco","year":"1997","unstructured":"Floresco, S. 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