{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T21:18:38Z","timestamp":1777151918406,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep-sea sponge grounds are vulnerable marine ecosystems, which through their benthic-pelagic coupling of nutrients, are of functional relevance to the deep-sea realm. The impact of fishing bycatch is here evaluated for the first time at a bathyal, sponge-dominated ecosystem in the high seas managed by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization. Sponge biomass surface created from research survey data using random forest modeling revealed 231,136 t of sponges in the area. About 42% of that biomass was protected by current fisheries closures. However, projections of trawling tracks estimated that the sponge biomass within them would be wiped out in just 1 year by the current level of fishing activity if directed on the sponges. Because these sponges filter 56,143\u2009\u00b1\u200915,047 million litres of seawater daily, consume 63.11\u2009\u00b1\u200911.83 t of organic carbon through respiration, and affect the turnover of several nitrogen nutrients, their removal would likely affect the delicate ecological equilibrium of the deep-sea benthic ecosystem. We estimated that, on Flemish Cap, the economic value associated with seawater filtration by the sponges is nearly double the market value of the fish catch. Hence, fishery closures are essential to reach sponge conservation goals as economic drivers cannot be relied upon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52250-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T12:38:37Z","timestamp":1572611917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Removal of deep-sea sponges by bottom trawling in the Flemish Cap area: conservation, ecology and economic assessment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"C. K.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lirette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ottaviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kenchington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"52250_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1071\/MF02163","volume":"54","author":"OF Anderson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anderson, O. F. & Clark, M. R. Analysis of bycatch in the fishery for orange roughy, Hoplostethus atlanticus, on the South Tasman Rise. Mar. Fresh. Res. 54, 643\u2013652 (2003).","journal-title":"Mar. Fresh. Res."},{"key":"52250_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2012.682583","volume":"8","author":"FJ Murillo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murillo, F. J. et al. Deep-sea sponge grounds of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (northwest Atlantic Ocean): distribution and species composition. Mar. Biol. Res. 8, 842\u2013854 (2002).","journal-title":"Mar. Biol. Res."},{"key":"52250_CR3","unstructured":"FAO. Report of the Technical Consultation on International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas, Rome. 4\u20138 February and 25\u2013 29 August 2008. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report, 881\u2013886 (2009)."},{"key":"52250_CR4","unstructured":"UNGA. Actions taken by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in response to paragraphs 113, 117 and 119 to 124 of General Assembly resolution 64\/72 and paragraphs 121, 126, 129, 130 and 132 to 134 of General Assembly resolution 66\/68 on sustainable fisheries, addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks. Report of the Secretary-General. A\/71\/351. https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/content\/documents\/12513DOALOS_A_71_351_fisheries%20(2).pdf (2016)."},{"key":"52250_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618858114","volume":"114","author":"JG Hiddink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hiddink, J. G. et al. 2017. Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 8301\u20138306 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"52250_CR6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Marine Animal Forests","author":"Manuel Maldonado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maldonado, M. et al. Sponge grounds as key marine habitats: A synthetic review of types, structure, functional roles, and conservation concerns, In: Rossi, S. editors, Marine animal forests. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing pp. 1\u201339 (2016)."},{"key":"52250_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fst124","volume":"70","author":"LI Beazley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beazley, L. I., Kenchington, E., Murillo, F. J. & Sacau, M. Deep-sea sponge grounds enhance diversity and abundance of epibenthic megafauna in the Northwest Atlantic. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 70, 1471\u20131490 (2013).","journal-title":"ICES. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"52250_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10127","volume":"477","author":"E Kenchington","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenchington, E., Power, D. & Koen Alonso, M. Associations of demersal fish with sponge grounds on the continental slopes of the northwest Altantic. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 477, 217\u2013230 (2013).","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"52250_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2007.52.1.0428","volume":"52","author":"G Yahel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yahel, G., Whitney, F., Reiswig, H. M., Eerkes-Medrano, D. I. & Leys, S. P. In situ feeding and metabolism of glass sponges (Hexactinellida, Porifera) studied in a deep temperate fjord with a remotely operated vehicle. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 428\u2013440 (2007).","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"52250_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2013.09.011","volume":"69","author":"T Kutti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kutti, T., Bannister, R. J. & Fossa, J. H. Community structure and ecological function of deep-water sponge grounds in the Traenadypet MPA- Northern Norwegian continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 69, 21\u201330 (2013).","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"52250_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10623","volume":"63","author":"SP Leys","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leys, S. P., Kahn, A. S., Fang, J. K. H., Kutti, T. & Bannister, R. J. Phagocytosis of microbial symbionts balances the carbon and nitrogen budget for the deep-water boreal sponge Geodia barretti. Limnol. Oceanogr. 63, 187\u2013202 (2017).","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"52250_CR12","first-page":"114","volume":"62","author":"M Maldonado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maldonado, M., Ribes, M. & Van Duyl, F. C. Nutrient fluxes through sponges: biology, budgets, and ecological implications. Adv. Mar. Biol. 62, 114\u201382 (2012).","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"52250_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10002","volume":"60","author":"AS Kahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kahn, A. S., Yahel, G., Chu, J. W. F., Tunnicliffe, V. & Leys, S. P. Benthic grazing and carbon sequestration by deep-water glass sponge reefs. Limnol. Oceanogr. 60(1), 78\u201388 (2015).","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"52250_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2015.00037","volume":"2","author":"C Cathalot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cathalot, C. et al. Cold-water coral reefs and adjacent sponge grounds: Hotspots of benthic respiration and organic carbon cycling in the deep sea. Front. Mar. Sci. 2, 12 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"52250_CR15","unstructured":"NAFO. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization conservation and enforcement measures. Serial No. N6001, NAFO\/FC Doc. 12\/1 https:\/\/www.nafo.int\/Portals\/0\/PDFs\/fc\/2012\/fcdoc12-01.pdf (2012)."},{"key":"52250_CR16","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea, M. & Pacholok, M. Contract Award for Tender Call 235-2017, Contract No. 17ECS-MI-03AB, for Effluent Disinfection System at the Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant. Report for action PW 26.3. 6 pp (2018)."},{"key":"52250_CR17","unstructured":"Di Gironimo, L. Peer Review Findings of the Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant Effluent Class Environmental Assessment Study. Toronto Water 7 pp. (2011)."},{"key":"52250_CR18","unstructured":"Toronto water. Ashbridges Bay Wastewater treatment Plant. 2016 Annual Report. 108 pp. (2017)."},{"key":"52250_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv123","volume":"73","author":"MR Clark","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clark, M. R. et al. The impacts of deep-sea fisheries on benthic communities: a review. ICES J. Mar.Sci. 73, 51\u201369 (2016).","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar.Sci."},{"key":"52250_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fst017","volume":"70","author":"HD Gerritsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gerritsen, H. D., Minto, C. & Lordan, C. How much of the seabed is impacted by mobile fishing gear? Absolute estimates from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) point data. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 70, 523\u2013531 (2013).","journal-title":"ICES. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"52250_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowering,W. R. & Brodie,W. B. Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). A review of the dynamics of its distribution and fisheries off eastern Canada and Greenland. In: Hopper, A. G. editors. Deep-water Fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic Slope. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 113\u2013160 (1995).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8414-2_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"52250_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-016-2839-5","volume":"163","author":"FJ Murillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murillo, F. J., Kenchington, E., Lawson, J. M., Li, G. & Piper, D. J. W. Ancient deep-sea sponge grounds on the Flemish Cap and Grand Bank, northwest Atlantic. Mar. Biol. 163(3), 1\u201311 (2016).","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"52250_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv107","volume":"73","author":"LL J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, L. L., Planque, B., Thangstad, T. H. & Certain, G. Vulnerability of megabenthic species to trawling in the Barents Sea. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 73, 84\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"ICES. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"52250_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2018.11.007","volume":"143","author":"E Kenchington","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kenchington, E. et al. Connectivity modelling of areas closed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems in the northwest Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 143, 85\u2013103 (2019).","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"52250_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.03.030","volume":"94","author":"JJ Bell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell, J. J. et al. Sediment impacts on marine sponges. Mar. Poll. Bull. 94(1), 5\u201313 (2015).","journal-title":"Mar. Poll. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"52250_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsc.2000.0718","volume":"57","author":"MJ Moran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moran, M. J. & Stephenson, P. C. Effects of otter trawling on macrobenthos and management of demersal scalefish fisheries on the continental shelf of north-western Australia. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 57(3), 510\u2013516 (2000).","journal-title":"ICES. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"52250_CR27","unstructured":"Sainsbury, K. J., Campbell, R. A., Lindholm, R. & Whitelaw, A. W. Experimental management of an Australian multispecies fishery: examining the possibility of trawl-induced habitat modification. In Pikitch, E. E. Editors. Global Trends: Fisheries Management, American Fisheries Society Symposium 20, Bethesda, MD, USA. 107 \u2013112 (1997)."},{"key":"52250_CR28","unstructured":"Kenchington, E., Murillo, F.J., Cogswell, A. & Lirette, C. Development of Encounter Protocols and Assessment of Significant Adverse Impact by Bottom Trawling for Sponge Grounds and Sea Pen Fields in the NAFO Regulatory Area. Ser No 6005. NAFO SCR Doc 11\/75, 53 pp (2011)."},{"issue":"3","key":"52250_CR29","first-page":"7","volume":"63","author":"JL Freese","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freese, J. L. Trawl-induced damage to sponges observed from a research submersible. Mar. Fish. Rev. 63(3), 7\u201313 (2001).","journal-title":"Mar. Fish. Rev."},{"key":"52250_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2011.08.003","volume":"31","author":"CN Rooper","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rooper, C. N., Wilkins, M. E., Rose, C. S. & Coon, C. Modeling the impacts of bottom trawling and the subsequent recovery rates of sponges and corals in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Cont. Shelf. Res. 31, 1827\u20131834 (2011).","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf. Res."},{"key":"52250_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2017.09.003","volume":"150","author":"P Malecha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malecha, P. & Heifetz, J. Long-term effects of bottom trawling on large sponges in the Gulf of Alaska. Cont. Shelf. Res. 150, 18\u201326 (2017).","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf. Res."},{"key":"52250_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08411","volume":"403","author":"M Maldonado","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maldonado, M. et al. Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 403, 75\u201389 (2010).","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"52250_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2307\/1540270","volume":"141","author":"HM Reiswig","year":"1971","unstructured":"Reiswig, H. M. Particle feeding in natural populations of three marine demosponges. Biol. Bull. 141, 568\u2013591 (1971).","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"52250_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2014.11.016","volume":"98","author":"L Beazley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beazley, L., Kenchington, E., Yashayaev, I. & Murillo, F. J. Drivers of epibenthic megafaunal composition in the sponge grounds of the Sackville Spur, northwest Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res. I. 98, 102\u2013114 (2015).","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. I."},{"issue":"8","key":"52250_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01365-2","volume":"13","author":"JM Gili","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gili, J. M. & Coma, R. Benthic suspension feeders: their paramount role in littoral marine food webs. Trends. Ecol. Evol. 13(8), 316\u2013321 (1998).","journal-title":"Trends. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"52250_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3354\/meps096177","volume":"96","author":"HU Riisg\u00e5rd","year":"1993","unstructured":"Riisg\u00e5rd, H. U. et al. Suspension feeding in marine sponges Halichondria panicea and Haliclona urceolus: effects of temperature on filtration rate and energy cost of pumping. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96, 177\u2013188 (1993).","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"52250_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarmiento, J. & Gruber, N. Ocean biogeochemical dynamics. Princeton, Princeton University Press (2006).","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400849079"},{"key":"52250_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2001.46.5.1100","volume":"46","author":"A Palanques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palanques, A., Guillen, J. & Puig, P. Impact of bottom trawling on water turbidity and muddy sediment of an unfished continental shelf. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46, 1100\u20131110 (2006).","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"52250_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11509","volume":"540","author":"ME Lagos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lagos, M. E., White, C. R. & Marshall, D. J. Avoiding low-oxygen environments: oxytaxis as a mechanism of habitat selection in a marine invertebrate. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 540, 99\u2013107 (2015).","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"52250_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2018.11.025","volume":"100","author":"M Koen-Alonso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koen-Alonso, M., Pepin, P., Fogarty, M. J., Kenny, A. & Kenchington, E. The Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Roadmap for the development and implementation of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries: structure, state of development, and challenges. Mar. Pol. 100, 342\u2013352 (2019).","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"52250_CR41","unstructured":"AORA. Working Group on the Ecosystem Approach to Ocean Health and Stressors. Linking ocean-use sectors and ecosystem components. April 2019. 56 pp (2019)."},{"key":"52250_CR42","unstructured":"NAFO. Conservation and Enforcement Measures. NAFO\/FC Doc. 18\/01, Serial No. N6767, 190 pp (2018)."},{"key":"52250_CR43","unstructured":"NAFO. Report of the Scientific Council Meeting. NAFO SCS Doc. 15-12 (Revised), Serial No. N6469, 233 pp (2015)."},{"key":"52250_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2015.08.006","volume":"109","author":"FJ Murillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murillo, F. J., Serrano, A., Kenchington, E. & Mora, J. Epibenthic assemblages of the Tail of the Grand Bank and Flemish Cap (northwest Atlantic) in relation to environmental parameters and trawling intensity. Deep-Sea Res. I. 109, 99\u2013122 (2016).","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. I."},{"key":"52250_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L. Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45, 5\u201332 (2001).","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"52250_CR46","unstructured":"ESRI. ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA (2011)."},{"key":"52250_CR47","unstructured":"Guijarro, J, Beazley, L., Lirette, C., Wang, Z. & Kenchington, E. Characteristics of Environmental Data Layers for Use in Species Distribution Modelling in the Newfoundland and Labrador Region. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 3187: viii + 325p (2016)."},{"key":"52250_CR48","unstructured":"Liaw, A. & Wiener, M. Classification and Regression by random Forest R News, 2(3), 18\u201322. URL http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/doc\/Rnews\/ (2002)."},{"key":"52250_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"B Bischl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bischl, B. et al. Mlr: Machine Learning in R. Journal of Machine Learning Research 17, 1\u20135 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"52250_CR50","unstructured":"Cogswell, A. et al. Layers Utilized by an ArcGIS Model to Approximate Commercial Coral and Sponge By-catch in the NAFO Regulatory Area. Retrieved from http:\/\/archive.nafo.int\/open\/sc\/2011\/scr11-072.pdf (2011)."},{"key":"52250_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.1.0141","volume":"48","author":"G Yahel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yahel, G., Sharp, J. H., Marie, D., Hase, C. & Genin, A. In situ feeding and element removal in the symbiont-bearing sponge Theonella swinhoei: bulk DOC is the major source for carbon. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48, 141\u2013149 (2003).","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"52250_CR52","unstructured":"NAFO, Catch statistics. NAFO Annual Fisheries Statistics Databases. [online] [cited on 14 April 2019]. https:\/\/www.nafo.int\/Data\/Catch-Statistics (201s9)."},{"key":"52250_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsw169","volume":"74","author":"MC Melnychuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Melnychuk, M. C., Clavelle, T., Owashi, B. & Strauss, K. Reconstruction of global ex-vessel prices of fished species. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 74, 121\u2013133 (2016).","journal-title":"ICES. J. Mar. Sci."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60908-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52250-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52250-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52250-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T15:23:49Z","timestamp":1671290629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-019-52250-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-52250-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2020","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15843"}}