{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:23:26Z","timestamp":1774383806475,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We apply adaptive feedback for the partial refrigeration of a mechanical resonator, i.e. with the aim to simultaneously cool the classical thermal motion of more than one vibrational degree of freedom. The feedback is obtained from a neural network parametrized policy trained via a reinforcement learning strategy to choose the correct sequence of actions from a finite set in order to simultaneously reduce the energy of many modes of vibration. The actions are realized either as optical modulations of the spring constants in the so-called quadratic optomechanical coupling regime or as radiation pressure induced momentum kicks in the linear coupling regime. As a proof of principle we numerically illustrate efficient simultaneous cooling of four independent modes with an overall strong reduction of the total system temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59435-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T11:03:14Z","timestamp":1581678194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prospects of reinforcement learning for the simultaneous damping of many mechanical modes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Sommer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudiu","family":"Genes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"59435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.86.1391","volume":"86","author":"M Aspelmeyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aspelmeyer, M., Kippenberg, T. J. & Marquardt, F. Cavity optomechanics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1391\u20131452, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.86.1391 (2014).","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"59435_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.123601","volume":"122","author":"D Windey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Windey, D. et al. Cavity-based 3d cooling of a levitated nanoparticle via coherent scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.123601 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123602","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.123602","volume":"122","author":"U Delic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delic, U. et al. Cavity cooling of a levitated nanosphere by coherent scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123602, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.123602 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123603","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.123603","volume":"119","author":"M Rossi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rossi, M. et al. Enhancing sideband cooling by feedback-controlled light. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 123603, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.123603 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191 EP","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20604","volume":"541","author":"JB Clark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark, J. B., Lecocq, F., Simmonds, R. W., Aumentado, J. & Teufel, J. D. Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light. Nature 541, 191 EP, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature20604 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"59435_CR6","unstructured":"Qiu, L., Shomroni, I., P, S. & Kippenberg, T. J. High-fidelity laser cooling to the quantum ground state of a silicon nanomechanical oscillator. arXiv:1903.10242, https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1903.10242 (2019)."},{"key":"59435_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3743","volume":"4","author":"P Asenbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asenbaum, P., Kuhn, S., Nimmrichter, S., Sezer, U. & Arndt, M. Cavity cooling of free silicon nanoparticles in high vacuum. Nature Communications 4, 2743 EP, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms3743 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"59435_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.688","volume":"80","author":"S Mancini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mancini, S., Vitali, D. & Tombesi, P. Optomechanical cooling of a macroscopic oscillator by homodyne feedback. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 688\u2013691, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.688 (1998).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13628","volume":"7","author":"C Sch\u00e4fermeier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fermeier, C. et al. Quantum enhanced feedback cooling of a mechanical oscillator using nonclassical light. Nature Communications 7, 13628 EP, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms13628 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"35","key":"59435_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14180","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309167110","volume":"110","author":"N. Kiesel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kiesel, N. et al. Cavity cooling of an optically levitated submicron particle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, 14180\u201314185, https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/110\/35\/14180.full.pdf (2013).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"59435_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123602","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.123602","volume":"114","author":"J Millen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Millen, J., Fonseca, P. Z. G., Mavrogordatos, T., Monteiro, T. S. & Barker, P. F. Cavity cooling a single charged levitated nanosphere. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 123602, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.123602 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"033804","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.77.033804","volume":"77","author":"C Genes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Genes, C., Vitali, D., Tombesi, P., Gigan, S. & Aspelmeyer, M. Ground-state cooling of a micromechanical oscillator: Comparing cold damping and cavity-assisted cooling schemes. Phys. Rev. A 77, 033804, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.77.033804 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"59435_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043826","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.72.043826","volume":"72","author":"V Steixner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Steixner, V., Rabl, P. & Zoller, P. Quantum feedback cooling of a single trapped ion in front of a mirror. Phys. Rev. A 72, 043826, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.72.043826 (2005).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"59435_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043003","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.043003","volume":"96","author":"P Bushev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bushev, P. et al. Feedback cooling of a single trapped ion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 043003, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.043003 (2006).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0643-8","volume":"563","author":"M Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi, M., Mason, D., Chen, J., Tsaturyan, Y. & Schliesser, A. Measurement-based quantum control of mechanical motion. Nature 563, 53\u201358, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0643-8 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"59435_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.83.3174","volume":"83","author":"PF Cohadon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cohadon, P. F., Heidmann, A. & Pinard, M. Cooling of a mirror by radiation pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3174\u20133177, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.83.3174 (1999).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017201","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.017201","volume":"99","author":"M Poggio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poggio, M., Degen, C. L., Mamin, H. J. & Rugar, D. Feedback cooling of a cantilever\u2019s fundamental mode below 5 mk. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 017201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.017201 (2007).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325 EP","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14672","volume":"524","author":"DJ Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson, D. J. et al. Measurement-based control of a mechanical oscillator at its thermal decoherence rate. Nature 524, 325 EP, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14672 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"59435_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.223601","volume":"122","author":"F Tebbenjohanns","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tebbenjohanns, F., Frimmer, M., Militaru, A., Jain, V. & Novotny, L. Cold Damping of an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle to Microkelvin Temperatures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 223601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.223601 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"7115","key":"59435_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05273","volume":"444","author":"S. Gigan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gigan, S. et al. Self-cooling of a micromirror by radiation pressure. Nature 444, 67\u201370, https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature05273 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"59435_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braginsky, V. B., Strigin, S. E. & Vyatchanin, S. P. Parametric oscillatory instability in Fabry\u2013Perot interferometer. Phys. Lett. A 287, 331, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0375960101005102?via%3Dihub (2001).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-9601(01)00510-2"},{"key":"59435_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"093902","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.093902","volume":"99","author":"F Marquardt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marquardt, F., Chen, J. P., Clerk, A. A. & Girvin, S. M. Quantum theory of cavity-assisted sideband cooling of mechanical motion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 093902, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.093902 (2007).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"093901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.093901","volume":"99","author":"I Wilson-Rae","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson-Rae, I., Nooshi, N., Zwerger, W. & Kippenberg, T. J. Theory of ground state cooling of a mechanical oscillator using dynamical backaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 093901, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.093901 (2007).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10261","volume":"475","author":"JD Teufel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teufel, J. D. et al. Sideband cooling of micromechanical motion to the quantum ground state. Nature 475, 359\u2013363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10261 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"59435_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203605","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.203605","volume":"123","author":"C Sommer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sommer, C. & Genes, C. Partial optomechanical refrigeration via multimode cold-damping feedback. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 203605, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.203605 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"59435_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2283574","volume":"25","author":"C Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, C., Dong, D., Li, H., Chu, J. & Tarn, T. Fidelity-based probabilistic q-learning for control of quantum systems. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 25, 920\u2013933 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"key":"59435_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys4035","volume":"13","author":"J Carrasquilla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carrasquilla, J. & Melko, R. G. Machine learning phases of matter. Nat. Phys. 13, 431, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nphys4035 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"59435_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys4037","volume":"13","author":"EPL van Nieuwenburg","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Nieuwenburg, E. P. L., Liu, Y.-H. & Huber, S. D. Learning Phase Transitions by Confusion. Nat. Phys. 13, 435, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nphys4037 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"59435_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunjko, V. & Briegel, H. J. Machine learning & artificial intelligence in the quantum domain: a review of recent progress. Reports on Progress in Physics 81, 074001, 10.1088%2F1361-6633%2Faab406 (2018).","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/aab406"},{"key":"59435_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carleo, G. & Troyer, M. Solving the quantum many-body problem with artificial neural networks. Science 355, 602\u2013606, https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/355\/6325\/602.full.pdf (2017).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2302"},{"key":"59435_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042113","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.96.042113","volume":"96","author":"K Mills","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mills, K., Spanner, M. & Tamblyn, I. Deep learning and the Schr\u00f6dinger equation. Phys. Rev. A 96, 042113, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.96.042113 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"59435_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714936115","volume":"115","author":"Alexey A. Melnikov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melnikov, A. A. et al. Active learning machine learns to create new quantum experiments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, 1221\u20131226, https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/115\/6\/1221.full.pdf (2018).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"59435_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031086","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.031086","volume":"8","author":"M Bukov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bukov, M. et al. Reinforcement learning in different phases of quantum control. Phys. Rev. X 8, 031086, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.031086 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"59435_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031084","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.031084","volume":"8","author":"T F\u00f6sel","year":"2018","unstructured":"F\u00f6sel, T., Tighineanu, P., Weiss, T. & Marquardt, F. Reinforcement learning with neural networks for quantum feedback. Phys. Rev. X 8, 031084, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.031084 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"59435_CR35","unstructured":"Sweke, R., Kesselring, M. S., van Nieuwenburg, E. P. L. & Eisert, J. Reinforcement learning decoders for fault-tolerant quantum computation. 1810.07207 (2018)."},{"key":"59435_CR36","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach","author":"S Russel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Russel, S. & Norvig, P. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. (Pearson, Boston, 2018)."},{"key":"59435_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, W. H. P., Tsaturyan, Y., M\u00f8ller, C. B., Polzik, E. S. & Schliesser, A. Multimode optomechanical system in the quantum regime. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 62\u201366, https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/114\/1\/62.full.pdf (2017).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608412114"},{"key":"59435_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piergentili, P. et al. Two-membrane cavity optomechanics. New Journal of Physics 20, 083024, 10.1088%2F1367-2630%2Faad85f (2018).","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/aad85f"},{"key":"59435_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023851","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.023851","volume":"99","author":"X Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei, X., Sheng, J., Yang, C., Wu, Y. & Wu, H. Controllable two-membrane-in-the-middle cavity optomechanical system. Phys. Rev. A 99, 023851, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.023851 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"59435_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06715","volume":"452","author":"JD Thompson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thompson, J. D. et al. Strong dispersive coupling of a high-finesse cavity to a micromechanical membrane. Nature 452, 72\u201375, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06715 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"59435_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"095008","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/10\/9\/095008","volume":"10","author":"A M Jayich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jayich, A. M. et al. Dispersive optomechanics: a membrane inside a cavity. New Journal of Physics 10, 095008, 10.1088%2F1367-2630%2F10%2F9%2F095008 (2008).","journal-title":"New Journal of Physics"},{"key":"59435_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023849","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.89.023849","volume":"89","author":"M Asjad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asjad, M. et al. Robust stationary mechanical squeezing in a kicked quadratic optomechanical system. Phys. Rev. A 89, 023849, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.89.023849 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"59435_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1137\/S003614450037830","volume":"43","author":"D Higham.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Higham., D. An algorithmic introduction to numerical simulation of stochastic differential equations. SIAM Review 43, 525\u2013546, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/S003614450037830 (2001).","journal-title":"SIAM Review"},{"key":"59435_CR44","volume-title":"Reinforcement learning: An introduction","author":"RS Sutton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sutton, R. S. & Barto, A. G. Reinforcement learning: An introduction. (MIT press, Cambridge, 1998)."},{"key":"59435_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992696","volume":"8","author":"RJ Williams","year":"1992","unstructured":"Williams, R. J. Simple statistical gradient-following algorithms for connectionist reinforcement learning. Machine Learning 8, 229\u2013256, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00992696 (1992).","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"59435_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1512\/iumj.1957.6.56038","volume":"6","author":"Richard Bellman","year":"1957","unstructured":"Bellman, R. A markovian decision process. Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics 6, 679\u2013684, http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24900506 (1957).","journal-title":"Indiana University Mathematics Journal"},{"key":"59435_CR47","unstructured":"Weaver, L. & Tao, N. The Optimal Reward Baseline for Gradient-Based Reinforcement Learning. UAI P, 538, https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1301.2315 (2001)."},{"key":"59435_CR48","unstructured":"Salimans, T., Ho, J., Chen, X., Sidor, S. & Sutskever, I. Evolution strategies as a scalable alternative to reinforcement learning. 1703.03864 (2017)."},{"key":"59435_CR49","unstructured":"Dutta, S. Reinforcement Learning with TensorFlow (Packt Publishing Ltd., 2018)."},{"key":"59435_CR50","unstructured":"Al-Rfou, R. et al. Theano: A Python Framework for Fast Computation of Mathematical Expressions. arXiv:1605.02688, https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1605.02688 (2016)."},{"key":"59435_CR51","unstructured":"Marquardt, F. Machine Learning for Physicists, https:\/\/machine-learning-for-physicists.org\/ (2017)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59435-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59435-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59435-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T06:53:58Z","timestamp":1670309638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-59435-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["59435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-59435-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2623"}}