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In this study, sandflies were collected in a forested area in the Xapuri municipality, in the State of Acre (Northern Brazil). Two<jats:italic>Ps. carrerai carrerai<\/jats:italic>females were found parasitized with a larval form of a filarial worm, one in the labium of the proboscis, the other after the head was squashed, suggesting they were infective larvae. Sandflies were identified through morphological characters as well as amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase gene (COI). This was the first sequence obtained for<jats:italic>Ps. carrerai carrerai<\/jats:italic>for this marker. The obtained nematodes were also characterized through direct sequencing of a fragment of COI and 12S genes, both mitochondrial, and ITS1, a nuclear marker. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the filarial nematodes belong to a species without sequences for these markers in the database, part of family Onchocercidade and closely related to genus<jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>(12S tree). Although sandfly infection with nematodes including members of the Onchocercidae has been reported in the Old World, this is the first report of sandfly infection by a member of the Onchocercidae family in the New World, to the best of our knowledge. Considering that the phylogenetic relationships and location in the insect, it can be expected that this is a parasite of mammals and the transmission cycle should be clarified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72065-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T21:28:45Z","timestamp":1600378125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["First report of an Onchocercidae worm infecting Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai sandfly, a putative vector of Leishmania braziliensis in the Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andreia Fernandes","family":"Brilhante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-6085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Lima","family":"de Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abraham C\u00e9zar de Brito","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Const\u00e2ncia Fl\u00e1via Junqueira","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcelo Henrique Santos","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Moreira","family":"de \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristiane de Oliveira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel L.","family":"Mauricio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eunice Aparecida Bianchi","family":"Galati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"72065_CR1","volume-title":"Flebotom\u00edneos do Brasil","author":"IA Sherlock","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sherlock, I. 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