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Leaf samples were collected from plants growing in a naturally acidified site, influenced by the long-term exposure to high CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emissions, and compared with others collected in a nearby meadow living at normal <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> conditions. The differential accumulated proteins in leaves growing in the two contrasting <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> environments was investigated. Acidified leaf tissues had less total protein content and the semi-quantitative proteomic comparison revealed a strong general depletion of proteins belonging to the carbon metabolism and protein metabolism. A very large accumulation of proteins related to the cell respiration and to light harvesting process was found in acidified leaves in comparison with those growing in the normal <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> site. The metabolic pathways linked to cytoskeleton turnover also seemed affected by the acidified condition, since a strong reduction in the concentration of cytoskeleton structural proteins was found in comparison with the normal <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> leaves. Results coming from the comparative proteomics were validated by the histological and cytological measurements, suggesting that the long lasting exposure and acclimation of <jats:italic>C. nodosa<\/jats:italic> to the vents involved phenotypic adjustments that can offer physiological and structural tools to survive the suboptimal conditions at the vents vicinity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78764-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T11:04:12Z","timestamp":1608289452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Leaf proteome modulation and cytological features of seagrass Cymodocea nodosa in response to long-term high CO2 exposure in volcanic vents"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amalia","family":"Piro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilia Anna","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Barrote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Oliv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Monya M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Lucini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Mazzuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"78764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2008.11.015","volume":"24","author":"F Tassi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tassi, F. et al. 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