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We aimed to understand which abiotic and spatial variables influence ant \u03b2-diversity and identify which processes may drive ant \u03b2-diversity patterns in Mediterranean drylands by measuring the percentage of variation in ant taxonomic and functional \u03b2-diversity explained by local environmental, regional climatic and spatial variables. We found that taxonomic and functional replacement (\u03b2<jats:sub>repl<\/jats:sub>) primarily drove patterns in overall \u03b2-diversity (\u03b2<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>). Variation partitioning analysis showed that respectively 16.8%, 12.9% and 21.6% of taxonomic \u03b2<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>repl<\/jats:sub>and \u03b2<jats:sub>rich<\/jats:sub>variation were mainly explained by local environmental variables. Local environmental variables were also the main determinants of functional \u03b2-diversity, explaining 20.4%, 17.9% and 23.2% of \u03b2<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>repl<\/jats:sub>and \u03b2<jats:sub>rich<\/jats:sub>variation, respectively. Findings suggest that niche-based processes drive changes in ant \u03b2-diversity, as local environmental variables may act as environmental filters on species and trait composition. While we found that local environmental variables were important predictors of ant \u03b2-diversity, further analysis should address the contribution of other mechanisms, e.g. competitive exclusion and resource partitioning, on ant \u03b2-diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82059-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T11:06:38Z","timestamp":1611745598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Local environmental variables are key drivers of ant taxonomic and functional beta-diversity in a Mediterranean dryland"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Frasconi Wendt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ceia-Hasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Verble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Boieiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"82059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00171.x","volume":"86","author":"S Pavoine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavoine, S. & Bonsall, M. 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