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Among the major pulse crops, the native cowpea (<jats:italic>Vigna unguiculata<\/jats:italic>) and introduced common bean (<jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>) stand out. This paper has two main goals. First, we provide a comprehensive view of the available genetic resources of these genera in Africa, including data on germplasm collections and mapping biodiversity-rich areas. Second, we investigate patterns of physicochemical and cytogenomic variation across Africa to explore the geographical structuring of variation between native and introduced beans. Our results revealed that 73 <jats:italic>Vigna<\/jats:italic> and 5 <jats:italic>Phaseolus<\/jats:italic> species occur in tropical regions of Africa, with 8 countries accounting for more than 20 native species. Conversely, germplasm collections are poorly represented when compared to the worldwide collections. Regarding the nuclear DNA content, on average, <jats:italic>V. unguiculata<\/jats:italic> presents significantly higher values than <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>. Also, <jats:italic>V. unguiculata<\/jats:italic> is enriched in B, Mg, S, and Zn, while <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> has more Fe, Ca, and Cu. Overall, our study suggests that the physicochemical and cytogenomic diversity of native <jats:italic>Vigna<\/jats:italic> species is higher than previously thought, representing valuable food resources to reduce food insecurity and hunger, particularly of people living in African developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91929-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T10:03:33Z","timestamp":1624010613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Exploring physicochemical and cytogenomic diversity of African cowpea and common bean"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Catarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Brilhante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anyse Pereira","family":"Essoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto B.","family":"Charrua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josefa","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Roxo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eromise","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Mold\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ribeiro-Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salom\u00e3o","family":"Bandeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Talhinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Romeiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"91929_CR1","volume-title":"Legumes of the World","author":"GP Lewis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewis, G. 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