{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T04:01:45Z","timestamp":1763179305915},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["760801\\NEMOSINE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760801\\NEMOSINE"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preserving culture heritage cellulose acetate-based historical films is a challenge due to the long-term instability of these complex materials and a lack of prediction models that can guide conservation strategies for each particular film. In this work, a cellulose acetate degradation model is proposed as the basis for the selection of appropriate strategies for storage and conservation for each specimen, considering its specific information. Due to the formulation complexity and diversity of cellulose acetate-based films produced over the decades, we hereby propose a hybrid modeling approach to describe the films degradation process. The problem is addressed by a hybrid model that uses as a backbone a first-principles based model to describe the degradation kinetics of the pure cellulose diacetate polymer. The mechanistic model was successfully adapted to fit experimental data from accelerated aging of plasticized films. The hybrid model considers then the specificity of each historical film via the development of two chemometric models. These models resource on gas release data, namely acetic acid, and descriptors of the films (manufacturing date, AD-strip value and film type) to assess the current polymer degradation state and estimate the increase in the degradation rate. These estimations are then conjugated with storage conditions (e.g., temperature and relative humidity, presence of adsorbent in the film\u2019s box) and used to feed the mechanistic model to provide the required time degradation simulations. The developed chemometric models provided predictions with accuracy more than 87%. We have found that the storage archive as well as the manufacturing company are not determining factors for conservation but rather the manufacturing date, off gas data as well as the film type. In summary, this hybrid modeling was able to develop a practical tool for conservators to assess films conservation state and to design storage and conservation policies that are best suited for each cultural heritage film.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95373-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T10:10:36Z","timestamp":1628503836000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Decision making based on hybrid modeling approach applied to cellulose acetate based historical films conservation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abeer","family":"Al Mohtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s L.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Zappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Wallaszkovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Ignacio","family":"Lahoz Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Herlt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"30","key":"95373_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13533","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b00900","volume":"58","author":"D Ghosh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghosh, D., Hermonat, E., Mhaskar, P., Snowling, S. & Goel, R. Hybrid modeling approach integrating first-principles models with subspace identification. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58(30), 13533\u201313543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b00900 (2019).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"95373_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(03)00260-4","volume":"58","author":"P Georgieva","year":"2003","unstructured":"Georgieva, P., Meireles, M. J. & Feyo de Azevedo, S. Knowledge-based hybrid modelling of a batch crystallisation when accounting for nucleation, growth and agglomeration phenomena. Chem. Eng. Sci. 58(16), 3699\u20133713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0009-2509(03)00260-4 (2003).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"95373_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/19\/194013","author":"MJ Kushner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kushner, M. J. Hybrid modelling of low temperature plasmas for fundamental investigations and equipment design. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/19\/194013 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"95373_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2008.08.005","volume":"47","author":"MJ Kamali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamali, M. J. & Mousavi, M. Analytic, neural network, and hybrid modeling of supercritical extraction of \u03b1-PINENE. J. Supercrit. Fluids 47(2), 168\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.supflu.2008.08.005 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"issue":"40","key":"95373_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.004","volume":"41","author":"AF Stein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stein, A. F., Isakov, V., Godowitch, J. & Draxler, R. R. A hybrid modeling approach to resolve pollutant concentrations in an urban area. Atmos. Environ. 41(40), 9410\u20139426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.004 (2007).","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"95373_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35947\/test\/test0001.5","volume-title":"Electronic Imaging & the Visual Arts. EVA 2019 Florence","author":"V Cappellini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cappellini, V. Electronic Imaging & the Visual Arts. EVA 2019 Florence (Firenze University Press, 2019)."},{"key":"95373_CR7","volume-title":"A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections","author":"B Lav\u00e9drine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lav\u00e9drine, B. A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections (Getty Publications, 2003)."},{"issue":"4","key":"95373_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(87)90038-3","volume":"19","author":"NS Allen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Allen, N. S. et al. Degradation of historic cellulose triacetate cinematographic film: The vinegar syndrome. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 19(4), 379\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0141-3910(87)90038-3 (1987).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"issue":"5","key":"95373_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5594\/J15292","volume":"104","author":"PZ Adelstein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adelstein, P. Z., Reilly, J. M., Nishimura, D. W. & Erbland, C. J. Stability of cellulose ester base photographic film: Part III\u2014Measurement of film degradation. SMPTE J. 104(5), 281\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5594\/J15292 (1995).","journal-title":"SMPTE J."},{"issue":"12","key":"95373_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05438","volume":"6","author":"A Al Mohtar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Mohtar, A. et al. First-principles model to evaluate quantitatively the long-life behavior of cellulose acetate polymers. ACS Omega 6(12), 8028\u20138037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c05438 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"95373_CR11","unstructured":"Michalski, S. Double the life for each five-degree drop, more than double the life for each halving of relative humidity. In Thirteen. Trienn. Meet. ICOM-CC, Rio Janeiro, 22\u201327 Sept. 2002, Vol. I, 66\u201372 (2002)."},{"key":"95373_CR12","volume-title":"New Tools for Preservation Assessing Long-Term Environmental Effects on Library and Archives Collections","author":"JM Reilly","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reilly, J. M., Nishimura, D. W. & Zinn, E. New Tools for Preservation Assessing Long-Term Environmental Effects on Library and Archives Collections (Commission on Preservation and Access, 1995)."},{"key":"95373_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109050","volume":"172","author":"IR Ahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmad, I. R. et al. Are We Overestimating the permanence of cellulose triacetate cinematographic films? A mathematical model for the vinegar syndrome. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 172, 109050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109050 (2020).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"95373_CR14","unstructured":"(Accessed 28 July 2021); https:\/\/nemosineproject.eu\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"95373_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1979.070240205","volume":"24","author":"PD Calvert","year":"1979","unstructured":"Calvert, P. D. & Billingham, N. C. Loss of additives from polymers: A theoretical model. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 24(2), 357\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.1979.070240205 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"95373_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1021\/ar1000132","volume":"43","author":"H Khanjian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khanjian, H. et al. Application of chemical and thermal analysis methods for studying cellulose ester plastics. Acc. Chem. Res. 43(6), 888\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ar1000132 (2010).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"43","key":"95373_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6194","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ay02165h","volume":"9","author":"P Fei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fei, P., Liao, L., Cheng, B. & Song, J. Quantitative analysis of cellulose acetate with a high degree of substitution by FTIR and its application. Anal. Methods 9(43), 6194\u20136201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7ay02165h (2017).","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"95373_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-020-00373-4","volume":"8","author":"S Nunes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nunes, S. et al. A diagnostic tool for assessing the conservation condition of cellulose nitrate and acetate in heritage collections: Quantifying the degree of substitution by infrared spectroscopy. Herit. Sci. 8(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40494-020-00373-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Herit. Sci."},{"key":"95373_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(91)90336-O","author":"SS Parmar","year":"1991","unstructured":"Parmar, S. S. & Grosjean, D. Sorbent removal of air pollutants from museum display cases. Environ. Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0160-4120(91)90336-O (1991).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"95373_CR20","volume-title":"Care of Photographic Moving Image & Sound Collections","author":"B Keneghan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Keneghan, B. & Martin, E. The use of molecular sieve for extending the life of cellulose acetate photographic negatives. In Care of Photographic Moving Image & Sound Collections (ed. Clark, S.) (Institute of Paper Conservation, 1999)."},{"issue":"3","key":"95373_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2008.03.001","volume":"9","author":"AJ Cruz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cruz, A. J., Pires, J., Carvalho, A. P. & Brotas de Carvalho, M. Comparison of adsorbent materials for acetic acid removal in showcases. J. Cult. Herit. 9(3), 244\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.culher.2008.03.001 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"issue":"4","key":"95373_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2003.48.4.237","volume":"48","author":"J T\u00e9treault","year":"2013","unstructured":"T\u00e9treault, J. et al. Corrosion of copper and lead by formaldehyde, formic and acetic acid vapours. Stud. Conserv. 48(4), 237\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/sic.2003.48.4.237 (2013).","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"issue":"3","key":"95373_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2000.45.3.201","volume":"45","author":"A-L Dupont","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dupont, A.-L. & Tetreault, J. Cellulose degradation in an acetic acid environment. Stud. Conserv. 45(3), 201\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/sic.2000.45.3.201 (2000).","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"issue":"16","key":"95373_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13886","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b02930","volume":"10","author":"K Dedecker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dedecker, K. et al. Metal-organic frameworks for cultural heritage preservation: The case of acetic acid removal. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(16), 13886\u201313894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.8b02930 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"95373_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.009","volume":"107","author":"MT Giachet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giachet, M. T. et al. Assessment of the composition and condition of animation cels made from cellulose acetate. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 107, 223\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.009 (2014).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"95373_CR26","volume-title":"IPI Storage Guide for Acetate Film","author":"JM Reilly","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reilly, J. M. IPI Storage Guide for Acetate Film (Image Permanence Institute, 1993)."},{"key":"95373_CR27","unstructured":"Varani, G., Zappi, D., Basile, G. & Giardi, M. T. No Title. 402020000003536 (2021)."},{"key":"95373_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.106096","volume":"80","author":"B Kemper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kemper, B. & Lichtblau, D. A. Extraction of plasticizers: An entire and reproducible quantification method for historical cellulose acetate material. Polym. Test. 80, 106096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.106096 (2019).","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"95373_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.12.012","volume":"88","author":"CAT dos Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"dos Santos, C. A. T., P\u00e1scoa, R. N. M. J. & Lopes, J. A. A review on the application of vibrational spectroscopy in the wine industry: From soil to bottle. Trends Anal. Chem. 88, 100\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trac.2016.12.012 (2017).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"95373_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63407-8","volume":"10","author":"E Mart\u00edn-Tornero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Tornero, E., de Jorge P\u00e1scoa, R. N. M., Espinosa-Mansilla, A., Mart\u00edn-Mer\u00e1s, I. D. & Lopes, J. A. Comparative quantification of chlorophyll and polyphenol levels in grapevine leaves sampled from different geographical locations. Sci. Rep. 10(1), 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-63407-8 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"95373_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2004.04.014","volume":"75","author":"R Bro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bro, R., Rinnan, \u00c5. & Faber, N. M. Standard error of prediction for multilinear PLS 2. Practical implementation in fluorescence spectroscopy. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 75(1), 69\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemolab.2004.04.014 (2005).","journal-title":"Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"95373_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(96)00868-3","volume":"38","author":"E Samios","year":"1997","unstructured":"Samios, E., Dart, R. K. & Dawkins, J. V. Preparation, characterization and biodegradation studies on cellulose acetates with varying degrees of substitution. Polymer (Guildf.) 38(12), 3045\u20133054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0032-3861(96)00868-3 (1997).","journal-title":"Polymer (Guildf.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"95373_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1021\/je034273w","volume":"49","author":"AJ Cruz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cruz, A. J., Pires, J., Carvalho, A. P. & De Carvalho, M. B. Adsorption of acetic acid by activated carbons, zeolites, and other adsorbent materials related with the preventive conservation of lead objects in museum showcases. J. Chem. Eng. Data 49(3), 725\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/je034273w (2004).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"issue":"36","key":"95373_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13813","DOI":"10.1021\/jp048551p","volume":"108","author":"ML Pinto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pinto, M. L., Pires, J., Carvalho, A. P., De Carvalho, M. B. & Bordado, J. C. Sorption isotherms of organic vapors on polyurethane foams. J. Phys. Chem. B 108(36), 13813\u201313820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp048551p (2004).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-95373-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-95373-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-95373-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T12:19:22Z","timestamp":1670069962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-95373-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["95373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-95373-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16074"}}