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This infection is characterized by the loss of the dominant <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> community in the vaginal microbiota and an increase of anaerobic bacteria, that leads to the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm, mostly composed of <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic> spp. Treatment of BV is normally performed using broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as metronidazole and clindamycin. However, the high levels of recurrence of infection after treatment cessation have led to a demand for new therapeutic alternatives. <jats:italic>Thymbra capitata<\/jats:italic> essential oils (EOs) are known to have a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antibacterial activity. Thus, herein, we characterized two EOs of <jats:italic>T. capitata<\/jats:italic> and tested their antimicrobial activity as well as some of their main components, aiming to assess possible synergistic effects. Our findings showed that carvacrol and \u03c1-cymene established a strong synergistic antimicrobial effect against planktonic cultures of <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic> spp. On biofilm, carvacrol and linalool at sub-MIC concentrations proved more efficient in eliminating biofilm cells, while showing no cytotoxicity observed in a reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. The antibiofilm potential of the EOs and compounds was highlighted by the fact cells were not able to recover culturability after exposure to fresh medium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08217-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T11:03:22Z","timestamp":1647342202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Synergistic effects of carvacrol, \u03b1-terpinene, \u03b3-terpinene, \u03c1-cymene and linalool against Gardnerella species"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"L\u00facia G. 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