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However, recent molecular studies indicated that <jats:italic>O. punctatus<\/jats:italic> is a complex of species, with three divergent mtDNA lineages identified to date, stressing the need for a taxonomic revision. In this study, we used an integrative approach, combining morphological and genetic data, to shed light on the taxonomy and distribution of <jats:italic>O. punctatus<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, we provide the first genetic records of introduced populations in Brazil and discuss the introduction pattern of this species in this region. Morphological data shows that <jats:italic>O. punctatus<\/jats:italic> consists of at least five distinct and geographically restricted species: <jats:italic>O. punctatus <\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>O. dispar<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>O. sewalli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>O.<\/jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>kochi<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>O.<\/jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>japonicus<\/jats:italic>. Species delimitation analyses performed using the mtDNA data available confirmed that <jats:italic>O. punctatus <\/jats:italic>sensu stricto, <jats:italic>O. dispar<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>O. sewalli<\/jats:italic> correspond to different species that started to diverge about 2.6 Mya. Furthermore, <jats:italic>O. sewalli<\/jats:italic> was identified as the invasive species colonizing Atlantic shores. The existence of historical oceanographic barriers, such as the emergence of the Sunda Shelf in the Eastern Indian Ocean during the Pleistocene, and the biological traits of these blennies are the most likely factors responsible for their genetic differentiation and subsequent speciation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12580-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T12:03:52Z","timestamp":1654776232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clarifying the taxonomy of some cryptic blennies (Blenniidae) in their native and introduced range"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M. 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