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During the Pleistocene, wild cattle species such as <jats:italic>Bison<\/jats:italic> and especially <jats:italic>Bos<\/jats:italic> became common. In Late Pleistocene, the aurochs (<jats:italic>Bos primigenius<\/jats:italic>) was widespread and the only bovine living along the large river valleys of southern Iberia. Although commonly found in fossil sites and especially in cave bone assemblages, the trace fossil record of aurochs was known worldwide only from the Holocene. Large bovine and roe deer\/caprine tracks were found in at least five horizons of the early Late Pleistocene (MIS 5) beach and eolian deposits of Cape Trafalgar (Cadiz Province, South of Spain). The large bovine tracks are formally described as <jats:italic>Bovinichnus uripeda<\/jats:italic> igen. <jats:italic>et i<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. and compared with the record of aurochs tracks, large red deer tracks and steppe bison biogeographical distribution in Iberia. Aurochs were the most likely producers of the newly described Trafalgar Trampled Surface (TTS) and some of the large artiodactyl tracks in the Matalasca\u00f1as Trampled Surface, representing the oldest aurochs track record known. This new evidence, together with comparisons with the record of possible aurochs tracks in the Mid-Late Pleistocene coastal deposits from the Asperillo cliff section in Matalasca\u00f1as (Huelva Province, SW Spain) and bone assemblages known in Gibraltar, point to a recurrent use of the coastal habitat by these large artiodactyls in SW Iberia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14137-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T22:02:55Z","timestamp":1655244175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Aurochs roamed along the SW coast of Andalusia (Spain) during Late Pleistocene"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carlos Neto","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Mu\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Bela\u00fastegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Cach\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro P.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silv\u00e9rio","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yilu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Cruzado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Giles-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"14137_CR1","unstructured":"Theodor, J. 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