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Four GaN transistors in a Colpitts oscillator configuration were flown in the Component Technology Test-Bed aboard the Alphasat telecommunication satellite. A heuristic analysis was performed by observing the variation in the power output of the oscillators with the total ionizing dose gathered during the mission. The total ionizing dose was measured with a Radiation Sensing Field Effect Transistors (RadFET) placed close to the GaN devices. The experiment showed that GaN is a robust technology that can be used in the space radiation environment of a geostationary orbit. The work presented here starts with a brief introduction of the subject, the motivation, and the main goal. This is followed by the description of the experimental setup, including the details of the oscillator design and simulations, as well as the implementation of the test-bed and the Components Technology Test-Bed. Finally, the results obtained during the 6\u00a0years of experience in space are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17179-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T10:03:15Z","timestamp":1659002595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pioneering evaluation of GaN transistors in geostationary satellites"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Mostardinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno Borges","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kurpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Wuerfl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Garat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Poivey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"17179_CR1","first-page":"7","volume":"6","author":"A Sicard-Piet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sicard-Piet, A. et al. A new international geostationary electron model: IGE-2006, from 1 keV to 5.2 MeV. Space Wea. 6, 7 (2008).","journal-title":"Space Wea."},{"issue":"5","key":"17179_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1039\/C2TC00039C","volume":"1","author":"AY Polyakov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Polyakov, A. Y. et al. Radiation effects in GaN materials and devices. J. Mater. Chem. C 1(5), 877\u2013887 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"issue":"2","key":"17179_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0251602jss","volume":"5","author":"SJ Pearton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pearton, S. J., Ren, F., Patrick, E. & Law, M. E. Review-ionizing radiation damage effects on GaN devices. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 5(2), 35\u201360 (2016).","journal-title":"ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"17179_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2011.2171504","volume":"58","author":"S Kuboyama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuboyama, S. et al. Single-event damages caused by heavy ions observed in AlGaN\/GaN HEMTs. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 58(6), 2734\u20132738 (2011).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"17179_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2018.2791564","volume":"65","author":"P Kupsc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kupsc, P. et al. Microbeam SEE analysis of MIM capacitors for GaN amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 65(2), 732\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNS.2018.2791564 (2018).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"17179_CR6","unstructured":"Mostardinha, H. GaN RF testebed for space applications. Microwave Technology and techniques workshop 2010, ESA-ESTEC Noordwijk, Netherlands"},{"issue":"9","key":"17179_CR7","first-page":"2028","volume":"67","author":"JM Sampaio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sampaio, J. M. et al. Dose measurements and simulations of the RADFETs response onboard the Alphasat CTTB experiments. IEEE Trans 67(9), 2028\u20132033 (2020).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans"},{"key":"17179_CR8","unstructured":"Mostardinha, H., et al. GaN circuits for space applications\u20142.5 GHz and 14 GHz oscillators. ESA-5th Space Agency 2010, ESA-ESTEC Noordwijk, Netherlands."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17179-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17179-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17179-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T04:28:52Z","timestamp":1669350532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17179-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["17179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-17179-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12886"}}