{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T02:52:16Z","timestamp":1764471136995,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VI.C.192.002","OCENW.XS.041","VI.C.192.002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VI.C.192.002","OCENW.XS.041","VI.C.192.002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Streptomycetes are ubiquitous soil bacteria. Here we report the complete and annotated genome sequence and characterization of <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> phage Pablito, isolated from a soil sample in Haarlem, the Netherlands using <jats:italic>Streptomyces lividans<\/jats:italic> as host. This phage was able to infect a diverse range of <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> strains, but none belonging to the sister genus <jats:italic>Kitasatospora<\/jats:italic>. Phage Pablito has double-stranded DNA with a genome length of 49,581 base pairs encoding 76 putative proteins, of which 26 could be predicted. The presence of a serine integrase protein indicated the lysogenic nature of phage Pablito. The phage remained stable over a wide range of temperatures (25\u201345\u00a0\u00b0C) and at pH\u2009\u2265\u20097.0, but lost infectivity at temperatures above 55\u00a0\u00b0C or when the pH dropped below 6.0. This newly isolated phage is closely related to <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> phage Janus and Hank144 and considered a new species classified in the genus <jats:italic>Janusvirus<\/jats:italic>, within the subfamily <jats:italic>Arquattrovirinae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22784-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T16:03:21Z","timestamp":1666454601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genome sequence and characterization of Streptomyces phage Pablito, representing a new species within the genus Janusvirus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Ongenae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Kropinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Briegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Claessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"22784_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7441","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04272-14","volume":"58","author":"LT Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez, L. T. et al. New insights into chloramphenicol biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 58, 7441\u20137450 (2014).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"22784_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.08.014","volume":"16","author":"REL de Poc\u00f3pio","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Poc\u00f3pio, R. E. L. et al. Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 16, 466\u2013471 (2012).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"22784_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-09597-8","volume":"103","author":"J Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng, J., Li, Y., Guan, H., Zhang, J. & Tan, H. Enhancement of neomycin production by engineering the entire biosynthetic gene cluster and feeding key precursors in Streptomyces fradiae CGMCC 4.576. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103, 2263\u20132275 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"22784_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2013.10.008","volume":"32","author":"K-S Hwang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hwang, K.-S., Kim, H. U., Charusanti, P., Palsson, B. \u00d8. & Lee, S. Y. Systems biology and biotechnology of Streptomyces species for the production of secondary metabolites. Biotechnol. Adv. 32, 255\u2013268 (2014).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"22784_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1039\/c1np00003a","volume":"28","author":"GP van Wezel","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Wezel, G. P. & McDowall, K. J. The regulation of the secondary metabolism of Streptomyces: New links and experimental advances. Nat. Prod. Rep. 28, 1311\u20131333 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"22784_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.70.1.113-119.1955","volume":"70","author":"MHV Alstyne","year":"1955","unstructured":"Alstyne, M. H. V., Otto, R. H. & McCoy, E. Characteristics of Streptomyces griseus strains resistant to phage. J. Bacteriol. 70, 113\u2013119 (1955).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"22784_CR7","first-page":"191","volume":"40","author":"LA Jones","year":"1965","unstructured":"Jones, L. A. & Bradley, S. The life-cycle of an actinophage for Streptomyces venezuelae. Microbiology 40, 191\u2013198 (1965).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"22784_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.036","volume":"477","author":"PA Hoskisson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoskisson, P. A., Sumby, P. & Smith, M. C. The phage growth limitation system in Streptomyces coelicolor A (3) 2 is a toxin\/antitoxin system, comprising enzymes with DNA methyltransferase, protein kinase and ATPase activity. Virology 477, 100\u2013109 (2015).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"22784_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02896.x","volume":"44","author":"P Sumby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sumby, P. & Smith, M. C. Genetics of the phage growth limitation (Pgl) system of Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). Mol. Microbiol. 44, 489\u2013500 (2002).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"22784_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0767-x","volume":"564","author":"S Kronheim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kronheim, S. et al. A chemical defence against phage infection. Nature 564, 283\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0767-x (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"22784_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.210379","author":"V Ongenae","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ongenae, V. et al. Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall. Open Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.210379 (2022).","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"22784_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.078295-0","volume":"160","author":"H Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu, H. et al. Eliciting antibiotics active against the ESKAPE pathogens in a collection of actinomycetes isolated from mountain soils. Microbiology 160, 1714\u20131726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.078295-0 (2014).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"22784_CR13","first-page":"163","volume":"76","author":"J Dowding","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dowding, J. Characterization of a bacteriophage virulent for Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). Microbiology 76, 163\u2013176 (1973).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"22784_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07910-5","volume":"7","author":"JR Garneau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garneau, J. R., Depardieu, F., Fortier, L.-C., Bikard, D. & Monot, M. PhageTerm: A tool for fast and accurate determination of phage termini and packaging mechanism using next-generation sequencing data. Sci. Rep. 7, 1\u201310 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"22784_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","volume":"32","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 1792\u20131797 (2004).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"22784_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101065","volume":"12","author":"A Hardy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hardy, A., Sharma, V., Kever, L. & Frunzke, J. Genome sequence and characterization of five bacteriophages infecting Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces venezuelae: Alderaan, Coruscant, Dagobah, Endor1 and Endor2. Viruses 12, 1065 (2020).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"22784_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63070-0","volume":"54","author":"I Groth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Groth, I. et al. Five novel Kitasatospora species from soil: Kitasatospora arboriphila sp. nov., K. gansuensis sp. nov., K. nipponensis sp. nov., K. paranensis sp., nov. and K. terrestris sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evolut. Microbiol. 54, 2121\u20132129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijs.0.63070-0 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evolut. Microbiol."},{"key":"22784_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-42-1-156","volume":"42","author":"EMH Wellington","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wellington, E. M. H., Stackebrandt, E., Sanders, D., Wolstrup, J. & Jorgensen, N. O. G. Taxonomic status of Kitasatosporia, and proposed unification with Streptomyces on the basis of phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis and emendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339(AL). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42, 156\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-42-1-156 (1992).","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"22784_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1089\/phage.2021.0013","volume":"2","author":"D Turner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turner, D., Adriaenssens, E. M., Tolstoy, I. & Kropinski, A. M. Phage annotation guide: Guidelines for assembly and high-quality annotation. PHAGE 2, 170\u2013182 (2021).","journal-title":"PHAGE"},{"key":"22784_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111268","volume":"12","author":"C Moraru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moraru, C., Varsani, A. & Kropinski, A. M. VIRIDIC\u2014A novel tool to calculate the intergenomic similarities of prokaryote-infecting viruses. Viruses 12, 1268 (2020).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"22784_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2003.09.082","volume":"335","author":"AC Groth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Groth, A. C. & Calos, M. P. Phage integrases: Biology and applications. J. Mol. Biol. 335, 667\u2013678 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"22784_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41986-2_53","author":"JJ Dennehy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dennehy, J. J. & Abedon, S. T. Phage infection and lysis. Bacteriophages Biol., Technol. Ther., 341\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-41986-2_53 (2021).","journal-title":"Bacteriophages Biol., Technol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22784-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22784-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22784-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T16:08:18Z","timestamp":1666454898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22784-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["22784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-22784-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17785"}}