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The final sample consisted of 203 student-athletes with disabilities from five European countries. The questionnaires used were ESTPORT, EBBS and AIMS. Depending on disability type, it was found that student-athletes with hearing and physical impairment showed the highest difficulty in reconciling sports and studies (p\u2009=\u20090.001); that student-athletes with a hearing impairment showed the highest score in the barrier \u2018the cost of education is high\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.023); that student-athletes with a physical impairment had the highest scores in the barrier \u2018Exercise tires me\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.013); that student-athletes with cerebral palsy showed the highest scores in the barrier \u2018I do not have enough university\/educational institution support\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.014) and \u2018Exercise facilities do not have convenient timetables for me\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Depending on sports professionalization level, semi-professional student-athletes showed the highest values in the barrier \u2018the university\/educational institution is far from my training center\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.040); while professional student-athletes had the highest score in the barrier \u2018exercise takes too much time from family responsibilities\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.034). In most of the variables related to identity as athletes, professional student-athletes showed the highest values, followed by semi-professional athletes (p\u2009=\u20090.043-\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In conclusion, the self-perception of barriers is quite relevant, with differences arising from disability type and level of professionalization, whereas the identity as an athlete is only different according to the level of professionalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47881-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T15:01:43Z","timestamp":1700665303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Self-perception of dual career barriers and athletic identity in student-athletes with disabilities according to disability type and level of professionalization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M. 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