{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:03:29Z","timestamp":1772136209741,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022436","name":"Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AAA Student Research Grant Scheme 2019"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Secure archaeological evidence for human occupation on the eastern seaboard of Australia before\u2009~\u200925,000 years ago has proven elusive. This has prompted some researchers to argue that the coastal margins remained uninhabited prior to 25\u00a0ka. Here we show evidence for human occupation beginning between 30\u2009\u00b1\u20096 and 49\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u00a0ka at Wallen Wallen Creek (WWC), and at Middle Canalpin Creek (MCA20) between 38\u2009\u00b1\u20098 and 41\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u00a0ka. Both sites are located on the western side of Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island), the second largest sand island in the world, isolated by rising sea levels in the early Holocene. The earliest occupation phase at both sites consists of charcoal and heavily retouched stone artefacts made from exotic raw materials. Heat-treatment of imported silcrete artefacts first appeared in sediment dated to\u2009~\u200930,000 years ago, making these amongst Australia\u2019s oldest dated heat-treated artefacts. An early human presence on Minjerribah is further suggested by palaeoenvironmental records of anthropogenic burning beginning by 45,000 years ago. These new chronologies from sites on a remnant portion of the continental margin confirm early human occupation along Sahul\u2019s now-drowned eastern continental shelf.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52000-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T05:02:28Z","timestamp":1706677348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early human occupation of Australia\u2019s eastern seaboard"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shaun","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kasih","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zenobia","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Costelloe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fairbairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Errol","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tam","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Manne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelsey M.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"India","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Manoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karen","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zac","family":"Falkiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Clarkson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"52000_CR1","first-page":"177","volume":"32","author":"S Bowdler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowdler, S. The empty coast: Conditions for human occupation in southeast Australia during the late Pleistocene. Terra Australis 32, 177\u2013185 (2010).","journal-title":"Terra Australis"},{"key":"52000_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/323618a0","volume":"323","author":"R Neal","year":"1986","unstructured":"Neal, R. & Stock, E. Pleistocene occupation in the southeast Queensland coastal region. Nature 323, 618\u2013621 (1986).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"52000_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00084672","volume":"71","author":"B David","year":"1997","unstructured":"David, B., Roberts, R., Tuniz, C., Jones, R. & Head, J. New optical and radiocarbon dates from Ngarrabullgan Cave, a Pleistocene archaeological site in Australia: implications for the comparability of time clocks and for the human colonization of Australia. Antiquity 71, 183\u2013188 (1997).","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"52000_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/jqs.1136","volume":"22","author":"B David","year":"2007","unstructured":"David, B. et al. Sediment mixing at Nonda Rock: Investigations of stratigraphic integrity at an early archaeological site in northern Australia and implications for the human colonisation of the continent. J. Quat. Sci. 22, 449\u2013479 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Quat. Sci."},{"key":"52000_CR5","unstructured":"Lourandos, H. et al. Hay in Peopled Landscapes: Archaeological and Biogeographic Approaches to Landscapes (eds Hablere S.G. & David B.) 27\u201364. (ANU E Press, 2012)."},{"key":"52000_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.02.060","volume":"385","author":"R Robins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robins, R., Hall, J. & Stock, E. Geoarchaeology and the archaeological record in the coastal Moreton Region, Queensland. 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Site disturbance and archaeological integrity: The case of Bend Road, an open site in Melbourne spanning Pre-LGM Pleistocene to Late Holocene periods. Aust. Archaeol. 70, 1\u201316 (2010).","journal-title":"Aust. Archaeol."},{"key":"52000_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21551-3","volume":"12","author":"CJ Bradshaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bradshaw, C. J. et al. Stochastic models support rapid peopling of Late Pleistocene Sahul. Nat. Commun. 12, 1\u201311 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"52000_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059549","volume":"292","author":"K Lambeck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lambeck, K. & Chappell, J. Sea level change through the last glacial cycle. Science. 292, 679\u2013686 (2001).","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"52000_CR12","unstructured":"Whiteway, T. Australian bathymetry and topography grid. 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