{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:12:43Z","timestamp":1775326363553,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74332-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T08:29:40Z","timestamp":1730190580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessing the detection of floating plastic litter with advanced remote sensing technologies in a hydrodynamic test facility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"de Fockert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Eleveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Fel\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T. S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Leonor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. F. S.","family":"Caldeirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.D.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Camps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Perez-Portero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Burggraaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"Garaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Calvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T. S.","family":"van den Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"de Maagt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"74332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waters, C. N. et al. The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene. Science. 351, 2622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad2622 (2016).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad2622"},{"key":"74332_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09506-1","volume":"10","author":"C Ostle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ostle, C. et al. The rise in ocean plastics evidenced from a 60-year time series. Nat. Commun.10, 1622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-09506-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"74332_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg5433","volume":"373","author":"M MacLeod","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacLeod, M. et al. The global threat from plastic pollution. Sci. Vol. 373, 61\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abg5433 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Vol"},{"key":"74332_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04709","volume":"6","author":"GGN Thushari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thushari, G. G. N. & Senevirathna, J. D. M. Plastic pollution in the marine environment. Heliyon. 6, 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04709 (2020). e04709.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"74332_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260352","volume":"347","author":"JR Jambeck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jambeck, J. R. et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science. 347, 768\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1260352 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"74332_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab6d7d","volume":"15","author":"E Van Sebille","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Sebille, E. et al. The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris. Environ. Res. Lett.15, 023003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab6d7d (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"74332_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22939-w","volume":"8","author":"L Lebreton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lebreton, L. et al. Evidence that the great pacific garbage patch is rapidly accumulating plastics. Sci. Rep.8, 4666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-22939-w (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"74332_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrady, A. L. Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans. Ch.3. in M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter, 57\u201372 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3"},{"key":"74332_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.11.028","volume":"67","author":"AL Lusher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lusher, A. L., McHugh, M. & Thompson, R. C. Occurrence of mirocplastics in the gastrotenstial tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Mar. Pollut Bull.67, 94\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.11.028 (2013).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut Bull."},{"key":"74332_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.1021\/es400931b","volume":"47","author":"EM Foekema","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foekema, E. M. et al. Plastic in North sea fish. Environ. Sci. Technol.47, 8818\u20138824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es400931b (2013).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"74332_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Besseling, E. et al. Microplastic in a macro filter feeder: Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 95, 248\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.04.007 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.04.007"},{"key":"74332_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3","author":"M Bergman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergman, M., Gutow, L. & Klages, M. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3 (2015).","journal-title":"Mar. Anthropogenic Litter"},{"key":"74332_CR13","unstructured":"Tekman, M. B. et al. Litterbase \u2013 Online portal for marine litter & microplastics and their implications for marine life, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research. http:\/\/litterbase.org\/ (last accessed 8 October 2024)."},{"key":"74332_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-12-1249-2015","volume":"12","author":"J Reisser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reisser, J. et al. The the vertical distribution of buoyant plastics at sea: An observational study in the North Atlantic Gyre. Biogeosci. 12, 1249\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bg-12-1249-2015 (2015).","journal-title":"Biogeosci"},{"key":"74332_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valero, D. et al. The key role of surface tension in the transport and quantification of plastic pollution in rivers. Water Res.226, 119078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119078"},{"key":"74332_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.015","volume":"222","author":"X Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Sinking of floating plastic debris caused by biofilm development in a freshwater lake. Chomosphere. 222, 856\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.015 (2019).","journal-title":"Chomosphere"},{"key":"74332_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17932-9","volume":"11","author":"K Pabortsava","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pabortsava, K. & Lampitt, R. S. High concentrations of plastic hidden beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. Nat. Commun.11, 4073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17932-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"74332_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33882","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33882","volume":"6","author":"M Kooi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kooi, M. et al. The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean. Sci. Rep. 6, 33882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep33882 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"28","key":"74332_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314705111","volume":"111","author":"A C\u00f3zar","year":"2014","unstructured":"C\u00f3zar, A. et al. Plastic debris in the open ocean. PNAS. 111 (28), 10239\u201310244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1314705111 (2014).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"74332_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37108-5","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Plastic waste discharge to the global ocean constrained by seawater observations. Nat. Commun.14, 1372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-37108-5 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"74332_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Sebille, E. et al. Origin, dynamics and evolution of ocean garbage patches from observed surface drifters. Environ. Res. Lett. 7 044040. (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/044040.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/044040"},{"key":"74332_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galgani, F., Hanke, G. & Maes, T. Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter, Ch.2 in Bergmann M., Gutow L., Klages M. (eds) 29\u201356 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3_2"},{"key":"74332_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/12\/124006","volume":"10","author":"E Van Sebille","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Sebille, E. et al. A global inventory of small floating plastic debris. Environ. Res. Lett.10, 124006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/12\/124006 (2015).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"74332_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111913","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111913","volume":"9","author":"M Eriksen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eriksen, M. et al. Plastic Pollution in the World\u2019s oceans: More than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PLoS ONE. 9 (12), e111913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111913 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"74332_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49413-5","volume":"9","author":"L Lebreton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lebreton, L. et al. A global mass budget for positively buoyant macroplastic debris in the ocean. Sci. Rep. 9, 12922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49413-5 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"74332_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04812","volume":"54","author":"C Wilcox","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilcox, C. et al. Abundance of floating plastic particles is increasing in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Environ. Sci. Technol.54 (2), 790\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.9b04812 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"74332_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700782","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.170078","volume":"3","author":"R Geyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geyer, R. et al. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv.3 (7), e1700782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.170078 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"74332_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01216-0","volume":"16","author":"MLA Kaandorp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaandorp, M. L. A. et al. Global mass of buoyant marine plastics dominated by large long-lived debris. Nat. Geosci.16, 689\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-023-01216-0 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"74332_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Addamo, A. M., Laroche, P. & Hanke, G. Top marine beach litter items in Europe \u2013 a review and synthesis based on beach litter data, European Commission, EUR 29249 EN, JRC technical reports, JRC108181, (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2760\/496717","DOI":"10.2760\/496717"},{"key":"74332_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067","volume":"369","author":"G Erni-Cassola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erni-Cassola, G. et al. Distribution of plastic polymer types in the marine environment; a meta-analysis. J. Haz. Mat.\u00a0 369, 691\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"74332_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.04.029","volume":"143","author":"AE Schwarz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwarz, A. E. et al. Sources, transport, and accumulation of different types of plastic litter in aquatic environments: A review study. Mar. Pollut Bull.143, 92\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.04.029 (2019).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut Bull."},{"key":"74332_CR32","unstructured":"Lacroix, C. et al. Abundance, Composition and Trends of Beach Litter \u2013 common indicator assessment. In: OSPAR, The 2023 Quality Status Report for the North-East Atlantic. OSPAR Commission, London.  https:\/\/oap.ospar.org\/en\/ospar-assessments\/quality-status-reports\/qsr-2023\/indicator-assessments\/beach-litter (2023)."},{"key":"74332_CR33","unstructured":"GESAMP & UNEP\/UNDP\/ISA Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) International Maritime Organization - London, UK, 130 p., Guidelines or the monitoring and assessment of plastic litter and microplastics in the ocean. (IMO\/FAO\/UNESCO-IOC\/UNIDO\/WMO\/IAEA\/UN\/ (2019). http:\/\/www.gesamp.org\/publications\/guidelines-for-the-monitoring-and-assessment-of-plastic-litter-in-the-ocean"},{"issue":"4","key":"74332_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-2665-2020","volume":"12","author":"SP Garaba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garaba, S. P. et al. Hyperspectral longwave infrared reflectance spectra of naturally dried algae, anthropogenic plastics, sand and shells. Earth Syst Sci. Data. 12 (4), 2665\u20132678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-2665-2020 (2020).","journal-title":"Earth Sys Sci. Data"},{"issue":"20","key":"74332_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11699","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02855","volume":"52","author":"SP Garaba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garaba, S. P. et al. Sensing ocean plastics with an airborne hyperspectral shortwave infrared imager. Environ. Sci. Technol.52 (20), 11699\u201311707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.8b02855 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"74332_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133179","volume":"14","author":"Goddijn-Murphy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goddijn-Murphy et al. Using a UAV thermal infrared camera for monitoring floating marine plastic litter. Remote Sens.14 (13), 3179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14133179 (2022).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"74332_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112414","volume":"259","author":"C Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, C. Remote detection of marine debris using satellite observations in the visible and near infrared spectral range: Challenges and potentials. Remote Sens. Environ.259, 112414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112414 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"74332_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2019.03.011","volume":"79","author":"K Topouzelis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Topouzelis, K. et al. Detection of floating plastics from satellite and unmanned aerial systems (Plastic Litter Project 2018). Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs Geoinf.79, 175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2019.03.011 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs Geoinf."},{"issue":"23","key":"74332_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14235997","volume":"14","author":"D Papageorgiou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papageorgiou, D. et al. Sentinel-2 detection of floating marine litter targets with partial spectral unmixing and spectral comparison with other floating materials (Plastic Litter Project 2021). Remote Sens.14 (23), 5997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14235997 (2022).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"22","key":"74332_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35288","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.440380","volume":"29","author":"YJ Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, Y. J. et al. Detecting the great pacific garbage patch floating plastic litter using WorldView-3 satellite imagery. Opt. Express. 29 (22), 35288\u201335298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.440380 (2021).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"74332_CR41","unstructured":"GIZ, Advances in remote sensing of plastic waste, Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, edited by: Giang, P., and Ortwig, N., Eschborn, Germany, 88 pp. (2023). https:\/\/www.giz.de\/en\/downloads\/giz-2023-en-advances-in-remote-sensing-of-plastic-waste.pdf"},{"issue":"20","key":"74332_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11202443","volume":"11","author":"V Martinez-Vicente","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Vicente, V. et al. Measuring marine plastic debris from space: Initial assessment of observation requirements. Remote Sens. 11 (20), 2443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11202443 (2019).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"74332_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00447","volume":"6","author":"N Maximenko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maximenko, N. et al. Toward the integrated marine debris observing system. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2019.00447 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"74332_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dierssen, H. M., Garaba, S. P. & Bright Oceans Spectral differentiation of whitecaps, sea ice, plastics, and other flotsam, in (eds Vlahos, P. & Monahan, E. C.) Recent Advances in the Study of Oceanic Whitecaps: Twixt Wind and Waves: Cham, Springer International Publishing, 197\u2013208 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36371-0_13 (2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36371-0_13"},{"key":"74332_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.08.044","volume":"135","author":"L Goddijn-Murphy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goddijn-Murphy, L. & Dufaur, J. Proof of concept for a model of light reflectance of plastics floating on natural waters. Mar. Pollut Bull.135, 1145\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.08.044 (2018).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut Bull."},{"key":"74332_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124290","volume":"406","author":"SP Garaba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garaba, S. P. et al. Concentration, anisotropic and apparent colour effects on optical reflectance properties of virgin and ocean-harvested plastics. J. Haz Mat.406, 124290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124290 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Haz Mat."},{"key":"74332_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112347","volume":"168","author":"PM Salgado-Hernanz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salgado-Hernanz, P. M. et al. Assessment of Marine Litter through Remote sensing: Recent approaches and future goals. Mar. Pollut Bull.168, 112347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112347 (2021).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut Bull."},{"key":"74332_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davaasuren et al. Detecting microplastic pollution in world oceans using SAR remote sensing, IGARSS (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IGARSS.2018.8517281","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2018.8517281"},{"key":"74332_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simpson, M. et al. Monitoring surfactants pollution potentially related to plastics in the world gyres using radar remote sensing, IGARSS (2021).  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IGARSS47720.2021.9553406.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS47720.2021.9553406"},{"key":"74332_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113188","volume":"280","author":"L Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi, L. et al. On the capacity of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar in detecting floating macroalgae and other floating matters. Remote Sens. Environ.280, 113188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113188 (2022).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"74332_CR51","unstructured":"Alpers, W. et al. Oils and surfactants, in Synthetic Aperture Radar Marine User\u2019s Manudited by C. R. Jackson and J. R. Apel, 263\u2013275, U.S. Dep. of Commer., Washington, D. C. (2004). https:\/\/www.sarusersmanual.com\/ManualPDF\/NOAASARManual_CH11_pg263-276.pdf"},{"issue":"2022","key":"74332_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14184473","volume":"14","author":"M Simpson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simpson, M. et al. Monitoring of plastic Islands in river environment using sentinel-1 SAR data. Remote Sens.14, 4473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14184473 (2022).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"74332_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fuentes Reyes, M. et al. SAR-to-optical image translation based on conditional generative adversarial networks\u2014optimization, opportunities and limits. Remote Sens11(17),  2067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11172067 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11172067"},{"key":"74332_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3347031","author":"J Felicio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Felicio, J. et al. Feasibility of radar-based detection of floating macroplastics at microwave frequencies. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , 72(3), 2766\u20132779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAP.2023.3347031 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"74332_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061654","volume":"15","author":"M Simpson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simpson, M. et al. Investigating the backscatter of marine plastic litter using a C- and X-band ground radar, during a measurement campaign in Deltares. Remote Sens.15, 1654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15061654 (2023).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"74332_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030637","volume":"15","author":"A Gonga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonga, A. et al. Observations of Marine Plastic Litter in a Water Flume: An experimental study. Remote Sens. 15, 637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15030637 (2023).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"14","key":"74332_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19075","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.019075","volume":"27","author":"O Burggraaff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burggraaff, O. et al. Standardized spectral and radiometric calibration of consumer cameras. Opt. Express. 27 (14), 19075\u201319101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.27.019075 (2019).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"74332_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-4341-2014","volume":"7","author":"Van Harten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Harten et al. Atmospheric aerosol characterization with a ground-based SPEX spectropolarimetric instrument. Atmos. Meas. Tech.7, 4341\u20134351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-7-4341-2014 (2014).","journal-title":"Meas. Tech."},{"key":"74332_CR59","unstructured":"Burggraaff, O. Accessible remote sensing of water, PhD dissertation, Universiteit Leiden, ISBN 978-94-6421-952-4, (2022). https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1887\/3497379"},{"key":"74332_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29088-9","volume":"13","author":"Y Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. Effects of microplastics and surfactants on surface roughness of water waves. Sci. Rep. 13, 1978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-29088-9 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rep."},{"key":"74332_CR61","first-page":"441","volume":"8","author":"GG Stokes","year":"1847","unstructured":"Stokes, G. G. On the theory of oscillatory waves. Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc.8, 441\u2013455 (1847).","journal-title":"Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"74332_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2017.0104","author":"T Van den Bremer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van den Bremer, T. & Breivik, \u00d8. Stokes drift. Phil. Trans. R Soc. A.\u00a0 376, 20170104.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2017.0104 (2017).","journal-title":"Phil Trans. R Soc. A"},{"key":"74332_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eeltink, D. et al. Stochastic particle transport by deep-water irregular breaking waves. J. Fluid Mech.971https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jfm.2023.671 (2023).","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2023.671"},{"key":"74332_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571796","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.571796","volume":"8","author":"A Cozar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cozar, A. et al. Marine litter windrows: A strategic target to understand and manage the ocean plastic pollution. Front. Mar. Sci.8, 571796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2021.571796 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"74332_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(93)90013-N","author":"FA Kruse","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kruse, F. A. et al. The spectral image processing system (SIPS) interactive visualization and analysis of imaging spectrometer data. Remote Sens. Environ.44:145\u2013163, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0034-4257(93)90013-N (1993)."},{"issue":"20","key":"74332_CR66","first-page":"674","volume":"6","author":"N Umov","year":"1905","unstructured":"Umov, N. Chromatische Depolarisation Durch Lichtzerstreuung. Phys. Z.6 (20), 674\u2013676 (1905).","journal-title":"Phys. Z."},{"key":"74332_CR67","unstructured":"Franceschetti, G. et al. Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing, 1st Edition, CRC Press, ISBN 9780849378997 (1999)."},{"issue":"6","key":"74332_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7471","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70607471","volume":"7","author":"H Carreno-Luengo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carreno-Luengo, H. & Camps, A. Empirical results of a surface-level GNSS-R experiment in a Wave Channel. Remote Sens.7 (6), 7471\u20137493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs70607471 (2015).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"74332_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asgarimehr, M. et al. Remote sensing of precipitation using reflected GNSS signals: Response analysis of polarimetric observations. IEEE. Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens. 60, 5800412.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3062492 (2021).","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3062492"},{"key":"74332_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84867-6","volume":"11","author":"Moshtaghi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moshtaghi et al. Spectral reflectance of marine macroplastics in the VNIR and SWIR measured in a controlled environment. Sci. Rep.11, 5436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-84867-6 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"74332_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2023.100451","volume":"15","author":"SP Garaba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garaba, S. P. & Park, Y. J. Riverine litter monitoring from multispectral fine pixel satellite images. Environ. Adv.15, 100451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envadv.2023.100451 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"key":"74332_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.10.016","volume":"221","author":"M Ottaviani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ottaviani, M. et al. Remote sensing of the ocean surface refractive index via short-wave infrared polarimetry. Remote Sens. Environ.221, 14\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2018.10.016 (2019).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"74332_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-5575-2023","volume":"15","author":"R De Vries","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Vries, R. et al. Hyperspectral reflectance of pristine, ocean weathered and biofouled plastics from a dry to wet and submerged state. Earth Syst. Sci. Data. 15, 5575\u20135596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-15-5575-2023 (2023).","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74332-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74332-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74332-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T09:03:46Z","timestamp":1730451826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74332-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["74332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-74332-5","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25902"}}