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Our previous studies investigated adaptation to bistable stimuli, specifically inward-moving gratings perceived either as a plaid moving coherently downward or two gratings moving incoherently. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have consistently observed a stronger response to incoherent rather than coherent motion. Possible mechanisms include stronger adaptation to coherent motion, greater neural involvement for the representation of incoherent motion or both. Here, we employ a computational model of visual neurons with and without firing rate adaptation to test these two hypotheses. By simulating the mean activity of thirty-two columnar populations of visual area MT, we investigate the impact of adaptation on the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Our results replicate experimental findings only when the model includes adaptation. The simulated response to incoherent motion is larger for a variety of stimulus parameters and adaptation regimes, suggesting that the reduced response to coherent stimuli is due to smaller neuronal population activation. The model also explains differential motion after-effect responses. The joint role of adaptation and differential neuronal recruitment in bistable perception sheds light on mechanisms underlying experimental data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07699-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T18:26:43Z","timestamp":1752172003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Joint contribution of adaptation and neuronal population recruitment to response level in visual area MT: a computational model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Cravo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Castelo-Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7699_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.11.054","volume":"31","author":"J Benda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benda, J. 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