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However, inconsistent results of protein hydrolysates on gut microbiota, immune responses, among other health parameters, have been observed in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with 5% shrimp hydrolysate, compared to non-supplemented diets, on hematological parameters, serum chemistry profile, innate and adaptive immune function, and fecal microbiota composition in adult Beagle dogs during a 12-week feeding trial. Dietary inclusion of shrimp hydrolysate decreased blood eosinophils (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) and glucose levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023), while increasing levels of white blood cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), platelets (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038), neutrophils (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036), and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) single producers of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. It also led to a more extensive proliferation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in response to LipL32 antigen (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020) and to a decrease in superoxide production in stimulated cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). Additionally, supplemented diets increased <jats:italic>Oscillospiraceae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P-adj<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and Clostridia (<jats:italic>P-adj<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) abundance, and decreased such of <jats:italic>Sellimonas<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P-adj<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025). Overall, the results indicate that diet supplementation with shrimp hydrolysate at 5% modulates the immune response and fecal microbiota, highlighting its potential to be included in hypoallergenic and gastrointestinal diets, and in diets for diabetic dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09942-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:26:40Z","timestamp":1752568000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unraveling the role of shrimp hydrolysate as a food supplement in the immune function and fecal microbiota of beagle dogs"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Guilherme-Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timur","family":"Yergaliyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Camarinha-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J. 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TA is employed by SORGAL, Sociedade de \u00d3leos e Ra\u00e7\u00f5es S.A. The other authors declare no potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25510"}}