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To mitigate complications arising from the treatment with these orthoses, and for the exploration of novel functionally graded lattice structures, a biological model that mimics some aspects of human head growth could provide a development and testing platform for these lattices. In this work, we propose a novel biological model of infant heads in which watermelons are used for the study of cranial remodeling orthoses during head growth and the correction of deformities. First, we reshaped ten watermelons with infant head shapes with deformities via custom molds, which were generated from MRI scans of infants with head deformities. The shaped watermelons were subsequently compared with the original head scans to assess the accuracy of the process via standard clinical measurements. Finally, the growth of four of these watermelon shapes was monitored after the molds were left for several days. The watermelon head shapes registered an average shape difference from the original models of 1.6 millimeters, with a standard deviation of 1.88 millimeters. After leaving the molds, the shapes continued growing, maintaining the ability to be reshaped by external physical constraints. By mimicking two key mechanical aspects of head growth in newborns \u2014 growth and deformability \u2014 this preliminary approach to a biological phantom offers a promising platform for studying the mechanical behavior of novel lattice structures in the development of cranial remodeling orthoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12088-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T10:32:15Z","timestamp":1764325935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A mechanical model based on watermelons for the study of dynamic cranial remolding orthoses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Veloso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fritze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. C. M.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Correia-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o L.","family":"Vila\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"12088_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.03.008","volume":"90","author":"S Ifflaender","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ifflaender, S., R\u00fcdiger, M., Konstantelos, D., Lange, U. & Burkhardt, W. Individual course of cranial symmetry and proportion in preterm infants up to 6months of corrected age. Early Hum. Dev. 90, 511\u2013515 (2014).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"9","key":"12088_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2017.01.022","volume":"24","author":"M Fabre-Grenet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fabre-Grenet, M. et al. Effects of deformational plagiocephaly during the first 12 months on the psychomotor development of prematurely born infants. Arch. Pediatr.24(9) , 802\u2013810.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcped.2017.01.022 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr."},{"key":"12088_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2011.10.002","volume":"26","author":"ABK Flannery","year":"2012","unstructured":"Flannery, A. B. K., Looman, W. S. & Kemper, K. Evidence-based care of the child with deformational plagiocephaly, part II: Management. J. Pediatr. Health Care\u00a026, 320\u2013331 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Health Care"},{"key":"12088_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.339","volume":"107","author":"MM Boere-Boonekamp","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boere-Boonekamp, M. M. Van der Linden-Kuiper LT, L. T. Positional preference: prevalence in infants and follow-up after two years. 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As a result, the authors Anne Fritze, Mario R\u00fcdiger, A.C.M. Pinho and Jorge Correia-Pinto were incorrectly affiliated.  Finally, the Funding section was incomplete, and several project numbers were incorrect. The affiliation order, the affiliation assignment, as well as the Funding section in the original Article have been corrected.","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"42837"}}