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This study investigated whether dyslexic adults still struggle with mirror-image discrimination when processing\n                    <jats:italic>reversible<\/jats:italic>\n                    letters (i.e., differing only by orientation; e.g., d, b, p) and\n                    <jats:italic>nonreversible<\/jats:italic>\n                    letters (i.e., differing also in shape; e.g., f, t, r). In a masked priming lexical decision task, one letter of the prime was manipulated by\n                    <jats:italic>letter-type<\/jats:italic>\n                    (reversible, nonreversible) and\n                    <jats:italic>prime-condition<\/jats:italic>\n                    : identity (e.g., judo, zero), control (judo, zero), mirrored-letter (jubo, zero), or rotated-letter (jupo, zero). Both dyslexic and neurotypical readers showed\n                    <jats:italic>identity priming<\/jats:italic>\n                    effects: faster recognition of target-words preceded by identity than control primes. Neurotypical readers also showed\n                    <jats:italic>mirror<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>rotation costs<\/jats:italic>\n                    , regardless of letter-type: slower word recognition after mirrored- or rotated-letter primes than an identity prime. In contrast, and for nonreversible letters only, dyslexics were as fast in recognizing target-words preceded by identity as by mirrored-letter primes (qualified by Bayesian statistics). These findings suggest that, despite extensive reading experience, orthographic processing by dyslexic college students remains residually sensitive to mirror invariance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21092-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T13:46:14Z","timestamp":1761572774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mirror invariance dies hard during letter processing by dyslexic college students"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariona","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"21092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3924","volume":"16","author":"S Dehaene","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., Morais, J. & Kolinsky, R. 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