{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T08:41:38Z","timestamp":1776588098250,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/148480\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/148480\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04607.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04607.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04607.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04607.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04607.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04607.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101079417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101079417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101079417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101079417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101079417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101079417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101079417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101079417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EJPRD\/0001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21496-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:44:05Z","timestamp":1761662645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sialyl-Tn expression correlates with reduced c-Myc and immune modulation in triple negative breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rita Adubeiro","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela Ferreira","family":"Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Granjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Z\u00e9lia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula A.","family":"Videira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"21496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-022-00468-0","volume":"8","author":"P Zagami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zagami, P. & Carey, L. A. Triple negative breast cancer: pitfalls and progress. Npj Breast Cancer. 8, 1\u201310 (2022).","journal-title":"Npj Breast Cancer"},{"key":"21496_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.06.005","volume":"72","author":"F Borri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borri, F. & Granaglia, A. Pathology of triple negative breast cancer. Sem. Cancer Biol. 72, 136\u2013145 (2021).","journal-title":"Sem. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"21496_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-020-00197-2","volume":"6","author":"A Marra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marra, A., Trapani, D., Viale, G., Criscitiello, C. & Curigliano, G. Practical classification of triple-negative breast cancer: intratumoral heterogeneity, mechanisms of drug resistance, and novel therapies. NPJ Breast Cancer. 6, 54 (2020).","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"21496_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681476","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.681476","volume":"11","author":"M Ensenyat-Mendez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ensenyat-Mendez, M. et al. Current Triple-Negative breast cancer subtypes: dissecting the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Front. Oncol. 11, 681476 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"21496_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.68","volume":"7","author":"SK Deshmukh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deshmukh, S. K. et al. Inflammation, immunosuppressive microenvironment and breast cancer: opportunities for cancer prevention and therapy. Ann. Transl Med. 7, 593 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl Med."},{"key":"21496_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-0530-4","volume":"18","author":"R Baghban","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baghban, R. et al. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell. Communication Signal. 18, 59 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell. Communication Signal."},{"key":"21496_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.081","volume":"30","author":"NM Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson, N. M. & Simon, M. C. Tumor microenvironment. Curr. Biol. 30, R921\u2013R925 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"21496_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092014","volume":"13","author":"S Pietrobono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pietrobono, S. & Stecca, B. Aberrant sialylation in cancer: biomarker and potential target for therapeutic intervention? Cancers (Basel). 13, 2014 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"21496_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/9.11.1213","volume":"9","author":"Y Ikehara","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ikehara, Y. et al. Cloning and expression of a human gene encoding an N-acetylgalactosamine-alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GalNAc I): a candidate for synthesis of cancer-associated sialyl-Tn antigens. Glycobiology 9, 1213\u20131224 (1999).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"21496_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0514","volume":"8","author":"M Kvorjak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kvorjak, M. et al. Crosstalk between colon cells and macrophages increases ST6GALNAC1 and MUC1-sTn expression in ulcerative colitis and colitis\u2013associated colon cancer. Cancer Immunol. Res. 8, 167\u2013178 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"21496_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030275","volume":"17","author":"J Munkley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Munkley, J. The role of Sialyl-Tn in cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 275 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"21496_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12035","volume":"11","author":"S Cotton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cotton, S. et al. Targeted O-glycoproteomics explored increased sialylation and identified MUC16 as a poor prognosis biomarker in advanced-stage bladder tumours. Mol. Oncol. 11, 895\u2013912 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"21496_CR13","first-page":"11549","volume":"8","author":"F Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, F. et al. Expression profile of mucin-associated sialyl-Tn antigen in Chinese patients with different colorectal lesions (adenomas, carcinomas). Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 8, 11549\u201311554 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"21496_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfz012","volume":"5","author":"L Salminen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salminen, L. et al. Exploratory analysis of CA125-MGL and -STn glycoforms in the differential diagnostics of pelvic masses. J. Appl. Lab. Med. 5, 263\u2013272 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."},{"key":"21496_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125994","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125994","volume":"10","author":"R Beatson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beatson, R. et al. The breast Cancer-Associated glycoforms of MUC1, MUC1-Tn and sialyl-Tn, are expressed in COSMC Wild-Type cells and bind the C-Type lectin MGL. PLoS One. 10, e0125994 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"21496_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12213","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5086-y","volume":"37","author":"X Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, X. et al. Silencing of ST6GalNAc I suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells through PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB pathway. Tumour Biol. 37, 12213\u201312221 (2016).","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"21496_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2014.02.008","volume":"8","author":"MA Carrascal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carrascal, M. A. et al. Sialyl Tn-expressing bladder cancer cells induce a tolerogenic phenotype in innate and adaptive immune cells. Mol. Oncol. 8, 753\u2013765 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"21496_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83570","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13192","volume":"7","author":"SN Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos, S. N. et al. O-glycan sialylation alters galectin-3 subcellular localization and decreases chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 7, 83570\u201383587 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"21496_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30421-w","volume":"8","author":"LR Loureiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loureiro, L. R. et al. Novel monoclonal antibody L2A5 specifically targeting sialyl-Tn and short glycans terminated by alpha-2-6 Sialic acids. Sci. Rep. 8, 12196 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"21496_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0610-CP","volume":"138","author":"PL Fitzgibbons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fitzgibbons, P. L. et al. Principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: guideline from the college of American pathologists pathology and laboratory quality center. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 138, 1432\u20131443 (2014).","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"21496_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2764","volume":"45","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weinstein, J. N. et al. The cancer genome atlas Pan-Cancer analysis project. Nat. Genet. 45, 1113\u20131120 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"21496_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11412","volume":"490","author":"The Cancer Genome Atlas Network","year":"2012","unstructured":"The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumors. Nature 490, 61\u201370 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"21496_CR23","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. (2024). https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"21496_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8923.1","volume":"5","author":"T Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silva, T. et al. TCGA workflow: analyze cancer genomics and epigenomics data using bioconductor packages. F1000Res 5, 1542 (2016).","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"21496_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1507","volume":"44","author":"A Colaprico","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colaprico, A. et al. TCGAbiolinks: an R\/Bioconductor package for integrative analysis of TCGA data. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, e71 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"21496_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18129\/B9.bioc.SummarizedExperiment","author":"M Morgan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morgan, M., Obenchain, V., Hester, J. & Pag\u00e8s, H. SummarizedExperiment: summarizedexperiment container. R Package Version 1 34 0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18129\/B9.bioc.SummarizedExperiment (2024).","journal-title":"R Package Version 1 34 0"},{"key":"21496_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2149-7","volume":"19","author":"MB Lopes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lopes, M. B. et al. Ensemble outlier detection and gene selection in triple-negative breast cancer data. BMC Bioinform. 19, 168 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"21496_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.023","volume":"48","author":"V Thorsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thorsson, V. et al. The immune landscape of cancer. Immunity 48, 812\u2013830e14 (2018).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"21496_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022200525695","volume":"18","author":"S Julien","year":"2001","unstructured":"Julien, S. et al. Expression of sialyl-Tn antigen in breast cancer cells transfected with the human CMP-Neu5Ac: GalNAc alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GalNac I) cDNA. Glycoconj. J. 18, 883\u2013893 (2001).","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"21496_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-018-0069-6","volume":"20","author":"GS Marques","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marques, G. S., Silva, Z. & Videira, P. A. Antitumor efficacy of human monocyte-Derived dendritic cells: comparing effects of two monocyte isolation methods. Biol. Proced. Online. 20, 4 (2018).","journal-title":"Biol. Proced. Online"},{"key":"21496_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12163","volume":"12","author":"MA Carrascal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carrascal, M. A. et al. Inhibition of fucosylation in human invasive ductal carcinoma reduces E-selectin ligand expression, cell proliferation, and ERK1\/2 and p38 MAPK activation. Mol. Oncol. 12, 579\u2013593 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"21496_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Therneau, T. M. Survival: A package for survival analysis in R. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.survival","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.survival"},{"key":"21496_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.survminer","author":"A Kassambara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kassambara, A. Survminer: drawing survival curves using \u2018ggplot2\u2019. R Package Version 0 4 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.survminer (2021).","journal-title":"R Package Version 0 4 9"},{"key":"21496_CR34","unstructured":"Wei, T. R package \u2018corrplot\u2019: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix (Version 0.92). (2021)."},{"key":"21496_CR35","unstructured":"Johannes, R. EnsDb.Hsapiens.v86: Ensembl based annotation package. R package version 2.99.0. (2017)."},{"key":"21496_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie, M. E. et al. Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, e47 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"21496_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W199","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz401","volume":"47","author":"Y Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao, Y., Wang, J., Jaehnig, E. J., Shi, Z. & Zhang, B. WebGestalt 2019: gene set analysis toolkit with revamped UIs and apis. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, W199\u2013W205 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"21496_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wickham, H. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (Springer, 2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"21496_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441820","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1441820","volume":"15","author":"M Stavrou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stavrou, M. & Constantinidou, A. Tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer progression: implications and clinical relevance. Front. Immunol. 15, 1441820 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"21496_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12871-w","volume":"24","author":"B Deswal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deswal, B., Bagchi, U., Santra, M. K., Garg, M. & Kapoor, S. Inhibition of STAT3 by 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses M2 polarization and protumoral functions of macrophages in breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 24, 1129 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"21496_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01650","volume":"9","author":"A Vidyarthi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vidyarthi, A. et al. TLR-3 stimulation skews M2 macrophages to M1 through IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 signaling and restricts tumor progression. Front. Immunol. 9, 1650 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"21496_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5329","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S176763","volume":"10","author":"W Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao, W. et al. Breast cancer subtypes and the risk of distant metastasis at initial diagnosis: a population-based study. Cancer Manag Res. 10, 5329\u20135338 (2018).","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res."},{"key":"21496_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-011-9445-1","volume":"29","author":"H Ozaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozaki, H. et al. Enhancement of metastatic ability by ectopic expression of ST6GalNAcI on a gastric cancer cell line in a mouse model. Clin. Exp. Metastasis. 29, 229\u2013238 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"21496_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-21-83","volume":"10","author":"F Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, F., Zhao, H., Li, J. & Jiang, H. Mucin-type sialyl-Tn antigen is associated with PD-L1 expression and predicts poor clinical prognosis in breast cancer. Gland Surg. 10, 2159\u20132169 (2021).","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"key":"21496_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2019.11.53","volume":"9","author":"R Lugo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lugo, R. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical survival significance of Sialyl-Tn expression in histological tissues from cancer patients. Transl Cancer Res. 9, 547\u2013555 (2020).","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res."},{"key":"21496_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julien, S., Videira, P. A. & Delannoy, P. Sialyl-Tn in Cancer: (How) Did We Miss the Target? Biomolecules 2, 435\u2013466 (2012).","DOI":"10.3390\/biom2040435"},{"key":"21496_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwj033","volume":"16","author":"S Julien","year":"2006","unstructured":"Julien, S. et al. ST6GalNAc I expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells greatly modifies their O-glycosylation pattern and enhances their tumourigenicity. Glycobiology 16, 54\u201364 (2006).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"21496_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28101","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15891","volume":"8","author":"N Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta, N. et al. High Myc expression and transcription activity underlies intra-tumoral heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 8, 28101\u201328115 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"21496_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-0507","volume":"5","author":"ZE Stine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stine, Z. E., Walton, Z. E., Altman, B. J., Hsieh, A. L. & Dang, C. V. MYC, Metabolism, and cancer. Cancer Discov. 5, 1024\u20131039 (2015).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"21496_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1350705","volume":"19","author":"J Massagu\u00e9","year":"2005","unstructured":"Massagu\u00e9, J., Seoane, J. & Wotton, D. Smad transcription factors. Genes Dev. 19, 2783\u20132810 (2005).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"21496_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papageorgis, P. TGF\u03b2 signaling in tumor initiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. J. Oncol. 2015, 587193 (2015).","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/587193"},{"key":"21496_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112767","volume":"20","author":"Y Hao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hao, Y., Baker, D. & ten Dijke, P. TGF-\u03b2-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 2767 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"21496_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.512","volume":"29","author":"WC Gustafson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gustafson, W. C. & Weiss, W. A. Myc proteins as therapeutic targets. Oncogene 29, 1249\u20131259 (2010).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"21496_CR54","first-page":"119","volume":"1835","author":"D David","year":"2013","unstructured":"David, D., Nair, S. A. & Pillai, M. R. Smurf E3 ubiquitin ligases at the cross roads of oncogenesis and tumor suppression. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1835, 119\u2013128 (2013).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"21496_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9688","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611704200","volume":"282","author":"YG Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, Y. G., Wang, Z., Ma, J., Zhang, L. & Lu, Z. Endofin, a FYVE domain Protein, interacts with Smad4 and facilitates transforming growth Factor-\u03b2 Signaling *. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 9688\u20139695 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"21496_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00413-6","volume":"22","author":"DVF Tauriello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tauriello, D. V. F., Sancho, E. & Batlle, E. Overcoming TGF\u03b2-mediated immune evasion in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 22, 25\u201344 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"21496_CR57","first-page":"215","volume":"134","author":"J Massagu\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Massagu\u00e9, J. TGF\u03b2 Cancer Cell 134, 215\u2013230 (2008).","journal-title":"TGF\u03b2 Cancer Cell"},{"key":"21496_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6995","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136995","volume":"22","author":"AJ Boutilier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boutilier, A. J. & Elsawa, S. F. Macrophage polarization States in the tumor microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 6995 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"21496_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34084","volume":"128","author":"RR Malla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malla, R. R. et al. Regulatory T cells: their role in triple-negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer 128, 1171\u20131183 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"21496_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.06.018","volume":"16","author":"DG DeNardo","year":"2009","unstructured":"DeNardo, D. G. et al. CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells regulate pulmonary metastasis of mammary carcinomas by enhancing protumor properties of macrophages. Cancer Cell. 16, 91\u2013102 (2009).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"21496_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allavena, P. et al. Engagement of the mannose receptor by tumoral mucins activates an immune suppressive phenotype in human tumor-associated macrophages. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2010, 547179 (2010).","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/547179"},{"key":"21496_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771","volume":"180","author":"KN Couper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Couper, K. N., Blount, D. G. & Riley, E. M. IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection. J. Immunol. 180, 5771\u20135777 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"21496_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"cwae003","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwae003","volume":"34","author":"AS Wegscheider","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wegscheider, A. S. et al. CD301 and lsectin glycan-binding receptors of innate immune cells serve as prognostic markers and potential predictors of immune response in breast cancer subtypes. Glycobiology 34, cwae003 (2024).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"21496_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1012520","volume":"94","author":"SJ Van Vliet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Vliet, S. J. et al. MGL signaling augments TLR2-mediated responses for enhanced IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 secretion. J. Leukoc. Biol. 94, 315\u2013323 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"21496_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1390","volume":"7","author":"SJ van Vliet","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Vliet, S. J., Gringhuis, S. I., Geijtenbeek, T. B. H. & van Kooyk, Y. Regulation of effector T cells by antigen-presenting cells via interaction of the C-type lectin MGL with CD45. Nat. Immunol. 7, 1200\u20131208 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21496-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21496-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21496-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T02:03:20Z","timestamp":1762049000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21496-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["21496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-21496-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"37615"}}