{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T11:40:03Z","timestamp":1748605203117,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378","21378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC","2022A4WZFC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo-FAPESP","award":["2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0","2014\/26897-0"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute"},{"name":"Bolton Food SpA"},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology \u2013 FCT","award":["ITR; LA\/P\/0064\/2020","ITR; LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITR; LA\/P\/0064\/2020","ITR; LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para an Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional","award":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96658-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1744799441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fish consumption and gastric cancer within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Franchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Ardoino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mandelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linia","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Bonzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. Constanza","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Rabkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinfu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zuo-Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Palli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Ferraroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Turati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guo-Pei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lizbeth","family":"L\u00f3pez-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Akihisa","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Zaridze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Maximovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Vioque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Gonzalez-Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mary H.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Aragon\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Casta\u00f1o-Vinyals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Dias-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerson Shigueaki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raul Ulises","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Pakseresht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Pourfarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Areti","family":"Lagiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pagona","family":"Lagiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Malaquias","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Dolci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Boccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"D\u2019Avanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. (Accessed on April 24, 2024, at https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today).","key":"96658_CR1"},{"key":"96658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a1344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1344","volume":"337","author":"F Sofi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sofi, F., Cesari, F., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F. & Casini, A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-analysis. BMJ 337, a1344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1344 (2008).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"96658_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259453","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1259453","volume":"10","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Shu, L., Zhou, F., Chen, L. P. & Feng, Y. L. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and dose\u2013response meta-analysis. Front. Nutr. 10, 1259453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1259453 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"unstructured":"World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research. Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective. Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018. (Accessed on April 24, 2024, at: https:\/\/dietandcancerreport.org).","key":"96658_CR4"},{"issue":"13","key":"96658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6965","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136965","volume":"22","author":"KP Liput","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liput, K. P. et al. Effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammation and cancerogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(13), 6965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22136965 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"96658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000088236","volume":"94","author":"A Tavani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tavani, A., Franceschi, S., Levi, F. & La Vecchia, C. Fish, omega-3 polyunsaturated fat intake and cancer at selected sites. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 94, 166\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000088236 (2005).","journal-title":"World Rev. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"96658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.1.85","volume":"70","author":"E Fernandez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fernandez, E., Chatenoud, L., La Vecchia, C., Negri, E. & Franceschi, S. Fish consumption and cancer risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 85\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/70.1.85 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"96658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1333","volume":"93","author":"N Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz, N. et al. A case-control study of gastric cancer in Venezuela. Int. J. Cancer. 93, 417\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.1333 (2001).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"key":"96658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24499","volume":"125","author":"A Pourfarzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pourfarzi, A., Whelan, A., Kaldor, J. & Malekzadeh, K. R. The role of diet and other environmental factors in the causation of gastric cancer in Iran\u2014A population-based study. Int. J. Cancer. 125, 1953\u20131960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.24499 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"issue":"9","key":"96658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091764","volume":"14","author":"E Bouras","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouras, E. et al. Diet and risk of gastric cancer: An umbrella review. Nutrients 14(9), 1764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14091764 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"96658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v4.i6.516","volume":"4","author":"WM Yee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yee, W. M. et al. Diet and gastric cancer: A case control study in Fujian Province. China. World J. Gastroenterol. 4(6), 516\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v4.i6.516 (1998).","journal-title":"China. World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"96658_CR12","first-page":"345","volume":"3","author":"S Sriamporn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sriamporn, S. et al. Gastric cancer: The roles of diet, alcohol drinking, smoking and helicobacter pylori in Northeastern Thailand. Asian Pac. J. Cancer. Prev. 3(4), 345\u2013352 (2002).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer. Prev."},{"key":"96658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-26","author":"S Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu, S. et al. Fish consumption and the risk of gastric cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-26 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"96658_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040996","volume":"12","author":"JY Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo, J. Y. et al. Pickled vegetable and salted fish intake and the risk of gastric cancer: Two prospective cohort studies and a meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel). 12(4), 996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12040996 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"3","key":"96658_CR15","first-page":"627","volume":"50","author":"A Nomura","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nomura, A., Grove, J. S., Stemmermann, G. N. & Severson, R. K. A prospective study of stomach cancer and its relation to diet, cigarettes, and alcohol consumption. Cancer Res. 50(3), 627\u2013631 (1990).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"96658_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1988.tb01528.x","volume":"79","author":"S Kono","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kono, S., Ikeda, M., Tokudome, S. & Kuratsune, M. A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in northern Kyushu. Japan. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 79(10), 1067\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1988.tb01528.x (1988).","journal-title":"Japan. Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"unstructured":"European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products (EUMOFA). (Accessed on April 24, 2024, at https:\/\/eumofa.eu\/documents\/20178\/314856\/EN_The+EU+fish+market_2019.pdf).","key":"96658_CR17"},{"issue":"8","key":"96658_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081663","volume":"14","author":"C Franchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Franchi, C. et al. Inverse association between canned fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk: Analysis of two large case-control studies. Nutrients 14(8), 1663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14081663 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"96658_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2022.2154078","volume":"75","author":"B D\u2019Avanzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Avanzo, B. et al. Canned fish consumption and upper digestive tract cancers. Nutr. Cancer. 75(2), 707\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01635581.2022.2154078 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer."},{"issue":"5","key":"96658_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000874","volume":"33","author":"C Pelucchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pelucchi, C. et al. The global gastric cancer consortium: An update from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) project. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 33(5), 433\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000874 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"96658_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600603","volume":"60","author":"C La Vecchia","year":"1995","unstructured":"La Vecchia, C., D\u2019avanzo, B., Negri, E., Decarli, A. & Benichou, J. Attributable risks for stomach cancer in northern Italy. Int. J. Cancer 60, 748\u2013752 (1995).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"96658_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580802054512","volume":"60","author":"E Lucenteforte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lucenteforte, E., Scita, V., Bosetti, C., Bertuccio, P. & Negri, E. Food groups and alcoholic beverages and the risk of stomach cancer: A case-control study in Italy. Nutr. Cancer 60, 577\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01635580802054512 (2008).","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"96658_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-494","volume":"12","author":"E De Feo","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Feo, E. et al. A case-control study on the effect of Apolipoprotein E genotypes on gastric cancer risk and progression. BMC Cancer 12, 494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-12-494 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"96658_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910440409","volume":"44","author":"E Buiatti","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buiatti, E. et al. A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy. Int. J. Cancer 44, 611\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.2910440409 (1989).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"96658_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000016619.18041.b0","volume":"15","author":"P Lagiou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lagiou, P. et al. Flavonoids, vitamin C and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cancer Causes Control 15, 67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:CACO.0000016619.18041.b0 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"96658_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008907924938","volume":"11","author":"D Zaridze","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zaridze, D., Borisova, E., Maximovitch, D. & Chkhikvadze, V. Alcohol consumption, smoking and risk of gastric cancer: Case-control study from Moscow, Russia. Cancer Causes Control 11, 363\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1008907924938 (2000).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"96658_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cej.0000236255.95769.22","volume":"16","author":"N Lunet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lunet, N. et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and gastric cancer by location and histological type: Case-control and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 16, 312\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.cej.0000236255.95769.22 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"96658_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2014.12.003","volume":"29","author":"G Castano-Vinyals","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castano-Vinyals, G. et al. Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): Rationale and study design. Gac. Sanit. 29, 308\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaceta.2014.12.003 (2015).","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"96658_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100071","volume":"69","author":"M Santibanez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Santibanez, M. et al. Occupational exposures and risk of stomach cancer by histological type. Occup. Environ. Med. 69, 268\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2011-100071 (2012).","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"96658_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9744-5","volume":"22","author":"M Pakseresht","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pakseresht, M. et al. Dietary habits and gastric cancer risk in north-west Iran. Cancer Causes Control 22(5), 725\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-011-9744-5 (2011).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"96658_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21137","volume":"116","author":"L Mu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mu, L. et al. Green tea drinking and multigenetic index on the risk of stomach cancer in a Chinese population. Int. J. Cancer 116(6), 972\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.21137 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"96658_CR32","first-page":"387","volume":"6","author":"VW Setiawan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Setiawan, V. W. et al. Allium vegetables and stomach cancer risk in China. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 6(3), 387\u2013395 (2005).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"96658_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1231","volume":"92","author":"VW Setiawan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Setiawan, V. W. et al. Protective effect of green tea on the risks of chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Int. J. Cancer 92, 600\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.1231 (2001).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"96658_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-004-0268-5","volume":"7","author":"A Machida-Montani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Machida-Montani, A. et al. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and environmental factors in non-cardia gastric cancer in Japan. Gastric Cancer 7(1), 46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-004-0268-5 (2004).","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"96658_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200202000-00005","volume":"11","author":"Y Mao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mao, Y., Hu, J., Semenciw, R. & White, K. Canadian cancer registries epidemiology research group. Active and passive smoking and the risk of stomach cancer, by subsite, in Canada. Eur J. Cancer Prev. 11, 27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00008469-200202000-00005 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur J. Cancer Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"96658_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1500.1999.99041.x","volume":"23","author":"ZF Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. F. et al. Helicobacter pylori infection on the risk of stomach cancer and chronic atrophic gastritis. Cancer Detect. Prev. 23(5), 357\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1500.1999.99041.x (1999).","journal-title":"Cancer Detect. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"96658_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970328)71:1<14::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"71","author":"MH Ward","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ward, M. H. et al. Risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus with meat cooking method and doneness preference. Int. J. Cancer 71(1), 14\u201319 (1997).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"96658_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.12.1119","volume":"154","author":"A Schatzkin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schatzkin, A. et al. Design and serendipity in establishing a large cohort with wide dietary intake distributions: The National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154(12), 1119\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/154.12.1119 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"96658_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24454","volume":"125","author":"RU Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez, R. U. et al. Dietary intake of polyphenols, nitrate and nitrite and gastric cancer risk in Mexico City. Int. J. Cancer 125(6), 1424\u20131430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.24454 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"96658_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116993","volume":"139","author":"L L\u00f3pez-Carrillo","year":"1994","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Carrillo, L., Hern\u00e1ndez Avila, M. & Dubrow, R. Chili pepper consumption and gastric cancer in Mexico: A case-control study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 139(3), 263\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116993 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"96658_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11195","volume":"106","author":"L L\u00f3pez-Carrillo","year":"2003","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Carrillo, L. et al. Capsaicin consumption, Helicobacter pylori positivity and gastric cancer in Mexico. Int. J. Cancer 106(2), 277\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.11195 (2003).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"96658_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyf060","volume":"32","author":"IN Nishimoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nishimoto, I. N. et al. Risk factors for stomach cancer in Brazil (I): A case-control study among non-Japanese Brazilians in S\u00e3o Paulo. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 32(8), 277\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyf060 (2002).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"96658_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyf061","volume":"32","author":"GS Hamada","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hamada, G. S. et al. Risk factors for stomach cancer in Brazil (II): A case-control study among Japanese Brazilians in S\u00e3o Paulo. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 32(8), 284\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyf061 (2002).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"96658_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-022-01567-w","volume":"33","author":"SV Peres","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peres, S. V. et al. Consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods by patients with stomach adenocarcinoma: A multicentric case-control study in the Amazon and southeast regions of Brazil. Cancer Causes Control 33(6), 889\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-022-01567-w (2002).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"96658_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R Der Simonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"Der Simonian, R. & Laird, N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin. Trials 7, 177\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2 (1986).","journal-title":"Control Clin. Trials"},{"key":"96658_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J. & Altman, D. G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327, 557\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557 (2003).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"18","key":"96658_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.09.010","volume":"51","author":"X Fang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fang, X. et al. Landscape of dietary factors associated with risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur. J. Cancer 51(18), 2820\u20132832 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"41","key":"96658_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15398","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i41.15398","volume":"20","author":"XF Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu, X. F., Zou, J. & Dong, J. Fish consumption and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. World J. Gastroenterol. 20(41), 15398\u201315412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i41.15398 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"5","key":"96658_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-022-01565-y","volume":"33","author":"S Morais","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morais, S. et al. Salt intake and gastric cancer: A pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Cancer Causes Control 33(5), 779\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-022-01565-y (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"96658_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/17.3.401","volume":"17","author":"C Furihata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Furihata, C., Ohta, H. & Katsuyama, T. Cause and effect between concentration-dependent tissue damage and temporary cell proliferation in rat stomach mucosa by NaCl, a stomach tumor promoter. Carcinogenesis 17(3), 401\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/17.3.401 (1996).","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"19","key":"96658_CR51","first-page":"4823","volume":"59","author":"JG Fox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fox, J. G. et al. High-salt diet induces gastric epithelial hyperplasia and parietal cell loss, and enhances Helicobacter pylori colonization in C57BL\/6 mice. Cancer Res. 59(19), 4823\u20134828 (1999).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"96658_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.7.1429","volume":"15","author":"M Takaashi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Takaashi, M. et al. Dose-dependent promoting effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N\u2032-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Carcinogenesis 15(7), 1429\u20131432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/15.7.1429 (1994).","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"5","key":"96658_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03343-9","volume":"63","author":"M Hirabayashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hirabayashi, M. et al. Association between fish and shellfish consumption, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and gastric cancer risk: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Eur. J. Nutr. 63(5), 1529\u20131544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03343-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"13","key":"96658_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132982.PMID:37447308;PMCID:PMC10347084","volume":"15","author":"T Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Song, S. S., Liu, M. & Park, S. Association of fried food intake with gastric cancer risk: A systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Nutrients 15(13), 2982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15132982.PMID:37447308;PMCID:PMC10347084 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"96658_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12944\/CRNFSJ.12.1.15","author":"N Al-Naimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Naimi, N., Aljumaily, M., Al-Amer, R., Hamdan, A. & Tayyem, R. Modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with gastric cancer. Nutr. Food Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12944\/CRNFSJ.12.1.15 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"96658_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-024-01499-1","volume":"27","author":"D Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, D. et al. Family history and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Asia: A pooled analysis of more than half a million participants. Gastric Cancer 27, 701\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10120-024-01499-1 (2024).","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"96658_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.147","volume":"31","author":"YJ Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi, Y. J. & Kim, N. Gastric cancer and family history. Korean J. Intern. Med. 31, 1042\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3904\/kjim.2016.147 (2016).","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"96658_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.12.022","volume":"166","author":"YC Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Y. C. et al. Global prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection and incidence of gastric cancer between 1980 and 2022. Gastroenterology 166, 605\u2013619 (2024).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96658-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96658-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96658-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T11:11:53Z","timestamp":1748603513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96658-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["96658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-96658-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this Article the Funding section was omitted. The Funding section now reads: \u201cThis study was funded by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Project number 21378, Investigator Grant) and the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2022, Grant Number 2022A4WZFC). NL and SMorais are funded under the Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia - Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit; UIDB\/04750\/2020) financed by national funds from the Foundation for Science and Technology \u2013 FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) and the Laborat\u00f3rio para an Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR; LA\/P\/0064\/2020). SMorais also received funding under the scope of the project \u2018NEON-PC \u2013 Neuro-oncological complications of prostate cancer: longitudinal study of cognitive decline\u2019 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; Ref. PTDC\/SAU-EPI\/32358\/2017) funded by FEDER through the Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization, and national funding from FCT, and the EPIUnit \u2013 Junior Research \u2013 Prog Financing (UIDP\/04750\/2020). FAPESP \u201cEpidemiology and Genomics of Gastric Adenocarcinomas in Brazil\u201d was funded by the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo-FAPESP under process 2014\/26897-0. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute. The authors thank the European Cancer Prevention Organization for providing support for the project meetings. The present analysis was funded by Bolton Food SpA\u201d.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13099"}}