{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:01:22Z","timestamp":1777611682956,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Sustain"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00886-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T16:08:44Z","timestamp":1651766924000},"page":"619-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Uncovering major types of deforestation frontiers across the world\u2019s tropical dry woodlands"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4219-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Buchadas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1047-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Meyfroidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kuemmerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"886_CR1","unstructured":"IPBES The IPBES Assessment Report on Land Degradation and Restoration (Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2018)."},{"key":"886_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18326","volume":"535","author":"J Barlow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barlow, J. et al. Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation. Nature 535, 144\u2013147 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"886_CR3","unstructured":"The State of the World\u2019s Forests 2020. Forests, Biodiversity and People (FAO and UNEP, 2020)."},{"key":"886_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.002","volume":"56","author":"F Pendrill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pendrill, F. et al. Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. Glob. Environ. Change 56, 1\u201310 (2019).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"886_CR5","unstructured":"Geist, H. J. & Lambin, E. F. What Drives Tropical Deforestation? LUCC Report Series 4 (LUCC International Project Office, 2001)."},{"key":"886_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054009","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa6a88","volume":"12","author":"KG Austin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Austin, K. G., Gonz\u00e1lez-Roglich, M., Schaffer-Smith, D., Schwantes, A. M. & Swenson, J. J. Trends in size of tropical deforestation events signal increasing dominance of industrial-scale drivers. Environ. Res. Lett. 12, 054009 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"886_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"084021","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aad5bf","volume":"13","author":"J Graesser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graesser, J., Ramankutty, N. & Coomes, O. T. Increasing expansion of large-scale crop production onto deforested land in sub-Andean South America. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 084021 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"886_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2018.08.006","volume":"53","author":"P Meyfroidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meyfroidt, P. et al. Middle-range theories of land system change. Glob. Environ. Change 53, 52\u201367 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"886_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancene.2015.09.004","volume":"12","author":"PH Verburg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verburg, P. H. et al. Land system science and sustainable development of the Earth system: a global land project perspective. Anthropocene 12, 29\u201341 (2015).","journal-title":"Anthropocene"},{"key":"886_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"095002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/9\/095002","volume":"11","author":"T V\u00e1clav\u00edk","year":"2016","unstructured":"V\u00e1clav\u00edk, T. et al. Investigating potential transferability of place-based research in land system science. Environ. Res. Lett. 11, 095002 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"886_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7429.2007.00393.x","volume":"40","author":"G Stocks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stocks, G., Seales, L., Paniagua, F., Maehr, E. & Bruna, E. M. The geographical and institutional distribution of ecological research in the tropics. Biotropica 40, 397\u2013404 (2008).","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"886_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2020.102333","volume":"122","author":"JM Schr\u00f6der","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der, J. M., \u00c1vila Rodr\u00edguez, L. P. & G\u00fcnter, S. Research trends: tropical dry forests: the neglected research agenda? For. Policy Econ. 122, 102333 (2021).","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"886_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174002","volume":"324","author":"ASL Rodrigues","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A. S. L. et al. Boom-and-bust development patterns across the Amazon deforestation frontier. Science 324, 1435\u20131437 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"886_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/14672715.2017.1333267","volume":"49","author":"EBP de Jong","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Jong, E. B. P., Knippenberg, L. & Bakker, L. New frontiers: an enriched perspective on extraction frontiers in Indonesia. Crit. Asian Stud. 49, 330\u2013348 (2017).","journal-title":"Crit. Asian Stud."},{"key":"886_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat2993","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat2993","volume":"4","author":"A Tyukavina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tyukavina, A. et al. Congo Basin forest loss dominated by increasing smallholder clearing. Sci. Adv. 4, eaat2993 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"886_CR16","unstructured":"Pacheco, P. et al. Deforestation Fronts: Drivers and Responses in a Changing World (WWF, 2021)."},{"key":"886_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244693","volume":"342","author":"MC Hansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansen, M. C. et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342, 850\u2013853 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"886_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oberlack, C. et al. Archetype analysis in sustainability research: meanings, motivations, and evidence-based policy making. Ecol. Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5751\/ES-10747-240226 (2019).","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-10747-240226"},{"key":"886_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sietz, D. et al. Archetype analysis in sustainability research: methodological portfolio and analytical frontiers. Ecol. Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5751\/ES-11103-240334 (2019).","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-11103-240334"},{"key":"886_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.004","volume":"23","author":"T V\u00e1clav\u00edk","year":"2013","unstructured":"V\u00e1clav\u00edk, T., Lautenbach, S., Kuemmerle, T. & Seppelt, R. Mapping global land system archetypes. Glob. Environ. Change 23, 1637\u20131647 (2013).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"886_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-019-00415-4","volume":"23","author":"M Vallejos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vallejos, M. et al. Social-ecological functional types: connecting people and ecosystems in the Argentine Chaco. Ecosystems 23, 471\u2013484 (2020).","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"886_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2016.10.001","volume":"41","author":"C Oberlack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oberlack, C., Tejada, L., Messerli, P., Rist, S. & Giger, M. Sustainable livelihoods in the global land rush? Archetypes of livelihood vulnerability and sustainability potentials. Glob. Environ. Change 41, 153\u2013171 (2016).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"886_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2005.01424.x","volume":"33","author":"L Miles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miles, L. et al. A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. J. Biogeogr. 33, 491\u2013505 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"886_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.03.014","volume":"28","author":"RT Pennington","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pennington, R. T., Lehmann, C. E. R. & Rowland, L. M. Tropical savannas and dry forests. Curr. Biol. 28, R541\u2013R545 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"886_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, N. S., Katerere, Y., Chirwa, P. W. & Grundy, I. M. in Miombo Woodlands in a Changing Environment: Securing the Resilience and Sustainability of People and Woodlands (eds Ribeiro, N. S. et al.) 1\u20138 (Springer, 2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50104-4_1"},{"key":"886_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150319","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0319","volume":"371","author":"BP Murphy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murphy, B. P., Andersen, A. N. & Parr, C. L. The underestimated biodiversity of tropical grassy biomes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150319 (2016).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"886_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chidumayo, E. & Marunda, C. in The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa (eds Chidumayo, E. N. & Gumbo, D.) 1\u20139 (Earthscan, 2010).","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849776547"},{"key":"886_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.02.024","volume":"258","author":"NI Gasparri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gasparri, N. I. & Grau, H. R. Deforestation and fragmentation of Chaco dry forest in NW Argentina (1972\u20132007). For. Ecol. Manag. 258, 913\u2013921 (2009).","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"886_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab003a","volume":"14","author":"J Miranda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miranda, J., B\u00f6rner, J., Kalkuhl, M. & Soares-Filho, B. Land speculation and conservation policy leakage in Brazil. Environ. Res. Lett. 14, 045006 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"886_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2018.04.003","volume":"50","author":"ML Ingalls","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ingalls, M. L., Meyfroidt, P., To, P. X., Kenney-Lazar, M. & Epprecht, M. The transboundary displacement of deforestation under REDD+: problematic intersections between the trade of forest-risk commodities and land grabbing in the Mekong region. Glob. Environ. Change 50, 255\u2013267 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"886_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-020-0592-3","volume":"13","author":"KF Davis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davis, K. F. et al. Tropical forest loss enhanced by large-scale land acquisitions. Nat. Geosci. 13, 482\u2013488 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"886_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044015","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa6509","volume":"12","author":"EM Ordway","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ordway, E. M., Asner, G. P. & Lambin, E. F. Deforestation risk due to commodity crop expansion in sub-Saharan Africa. Environ. Res. Lett. 12, 044015 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"886_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe1603","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe1603","volume":"7","author":"C Vancutsem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vancutsem, C. et al. Long-term (1990\u20132019) monitoring of forest cover changes in the humid tropics. Sci. Adv. 7, eabe1603 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"886_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"T Sunderland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sunderland, T. et al. Global dry forests: a prologue. Int. For. Rev. 17, 1\u20139 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. For. Rev."},{"key":"886_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grau, H. R. & Aide, M. Globalization and land-use transitions in Latin America. Ecol. Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5751\/es-02559-130216 (2008).","DOI":"10.5751\/es-02559-130216"},{"key":"886_CR36","first-page":"204","volume":"108","author":"Y le Polain de Waroux","year":"2018","unstructured":"le Polain de Waroux, Y. et al. Rents, actors, and the expansion of commodity frontiers in the Gran Chaco. Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. 108, 204\u2013225 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr."},{"key":"886_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7264","volume":"366","author":"A Romero-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Romero-Mu\u00f1oz, A. et al. Fires scorching Bolivia\u2019s Chiquitano forest. Science 366, 1082 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"886_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01417-z","volume":"5","author":"NT Hoang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoang, N. T. & Kanemoto, K. Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 5, 845\u2013853 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"886_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.09.006","volume":"3","author":"F Eigenbrod","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eigenbrod, F. et al. Identifying agricultural frontiers for modeling global cropland expansion. One Earth 3, 504\u2013514 (2020).","journal-title":"One Earth"},{"key":"886_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.001","volume":"43","author":"C Nolte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nolte, C., le Polain de Waroux, Y., Munger, J., Reis, T. N. P. & Lambin, E. F. Conditions influencing the adoption of effective anti-deforestation policies in South America\u2019s commodity frontiers. Glob. Environ. Change 43, 1\u201314 (2017).","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"886_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2017.12.007","volume":"146","author":"JN Volante","year":"2018","unstructured":"Volante, J. N. & Seghezzo, L. Can\u2019t see the forest for the trees: can declining deforestation trends in the Argentinian Chaco region be ascribed to efficient law enforcement? Ecol. Econ. 146, 408\u2013413 (2018).","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"886_CR42","unstructured":"Chirwa, P. W. & Adeyemi, O. in Zero Hunger: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (eds Leal Filho, W. et al.) 1\u201315 (Springer, 2019)."},{"key":"886_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2012.02.003","volume":"43","author":"P Pacheco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pacheco, P. Actor and frontier types in the Brazilian Amazon: assessing interactions and outcomes associated with frontier expansion. Geoforum 43, 864\u2013874 (2012).","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"886_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, A. K., Meyfroidt, P., Abeygunawardane, D. & Sitoe, A. Waves and legacies: the making of an investment frontier in Niassa, Mozambique. Ecol. Soc. 27, 40 (2022).","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-13159-270140"},{"key":"886_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2005.00703.x","volume":"19","author":"IR Leal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leal, I. R., Da Silva, J. M. C., Tabarelli, M. & Lacher, T. E.Jr Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. Conserv. Biol. 19, 701\u2013706 (2005).","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"886_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osabuohien, E. S. & Karakara, A. A. in The Palgrave Handbook of Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa (ed. Osabuohien, E. S.) 627\u2013640 (Springer, 2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41513-6_28"},{"key":"886_CR47","first-page":"114","volume":"17","author":"D Gautier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gautier, D., Garcia, C., Negi, S. & Wardell, D. A. The limits and failures of existing forest governance standards in semi-arid contexts. Int. For. Rev. 17, 114\u2013126 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. For. Rev."},{"key":"886_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2824-5","volume":"587","author":"M Brandt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brandt, M. et al. An unexpectedly large count of trees in the West African Sahara and Sahel. Nature 587, 78\u201382 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"886_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam6527","volume":"356","author":"JF Bastin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bastin, J. F. et al. The extent of forest in dryland biomes. Science 356, 635\u2013638 (2017).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"886_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15187","volume":"26","author":"ME Fagan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fagan, M. E. A lesson unlearned? Underestimating tree cover in drylands biases global restoration maps. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 4679\u20134690 (2020).","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"886_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bey, A. & Meyfroidt, P. Improved land monitoring to assess large-scale tree plantation expansion and trajectories in Northern Mozambique. Environ. Res. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac26ab (2021).","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac26ab"},{"key":"886_CR52","unstructured":"Harris, N., Goldman, E. D. & Gibbes, S. Spatial Database of Planted Trees (SDPT Version 1.0) (World Resources Institute, accessed 21 November 2021)."},{"key":"886_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timberlake, W. J., Chidumayo, E. & Sawadogo, L. in The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa (eds Chidumayo, E. N. & Gumbo, D.) 11\u201341 (Earthscan, 2010).","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849776547"},{"key":"886_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.09.020","volume":"143","author":"CA Portillo-Quintero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Portillo-Quintero, C. A. & S\u00e1nchez-Azofeifa, G. A. Extent and conservation of tropical dry forests in the Americas. Biol. Conserv. 143, 144\u2013155 (2010).","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"886_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/bix014","volume":"67","author":"E Dinerstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dinerstein, E. et al. An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience 67, 534\u2013545 (2017).","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"886_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.17.110186.000435","volume":"17","author":"PG Murphy","year":"1986","unstructured":"Murphy, P. G. & Lugo, A. E. Ecology of tropical dry forest. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17, 67\u201388 (1986).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"886_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lock, J. M. in Neotropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests (eds Pennington, R. T. & Ratter, J. A.) 449\u2013467 (CRC Press, 2006).","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420004496-20"},{"key":"886_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502540113","volume":"113","author":"Y Malhi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malhi, Y. et al. Megafauna and ecosystem function from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 838\u2013846 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"886_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12060","volume":"19","author":"G Baldi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baldi, G., Veron, S. R. & Jobbagy, E. G. The imprint of humans on landscape patterns and vegetation functioning in the dry subtropics. Glob. Change Biol. 19, 441\u2013458 (2013).","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"886_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/00139157.2016.1229537","volume":"58","author":"M Lahsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lahsen, M., Bustamante, M. M. C. & Dalla-Nora, E. L. Undervaluing and overexploiting the Brazilian Cerrado at our peril. Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev. 58, 4\u201315 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"886_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sitoe, A., Chidumayo, E. & Alberto, M. in The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa (eds Chidumayo, E. N. & Gumbo, D.) 131\u2013153 (Earthscan, 2010).","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849776547"},{"key":"886_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.04.004","volume":"103","author":"M Ozdogan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozdogan, M. & Woodcock, C. E. Resolution dependent errors in remote sensing of cultivated areas. Remote Sens. Environ. 103, 203\u2013217 (2006).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"886_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13904","volume":"24","author":"L Estes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estes, L. et al. A large-area, spatially continuous assessment of land cover map error and its impact on downstream analyses. Glob. Change Biol. 24, 322\u2013337 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"886_CR64","first-page":"45","volume":"5","author":"WM Dlamini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dlamini, W. M. Mapping forest and woodland loss in Swaziland: 1990\u20132015. Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ. 5, 45\u201353 (2017).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ."},{"key":"886_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:PCAUDF]2.0.CO;2","volume":"52","author":"HJ Geist","year":"2002","unstructured":"Geist, H. J. & Lambin, E. F. Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation: tropical forests are disappearing as the result of many pressures, both local and regional, acting in various combinations in different geographical locations. BioScience 52, 143\u2013150 (2002).","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"886_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8306.9302008","volume":"93","author":"R Walker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walker, R. Mapping process to pattern in the landscape change of the Amazonian frontier. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 93, 376\u2013398 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"key":"886_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baumann, M. et al. Frontier metrics for a process-based understanding of deforestation dynamics. Preprint at EarthArXiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31223\/X55S7J (2022).","DOI":"10.31223\/X55S7J"},{"key":"886_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau3445","volume":"361","author":"PG Curtis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Curtis, P. G., Slay, C. M., Harris, N. L., Tyukavina, A. & Hansen, M. C. Classifying drivers of global forest loss. Science 361, 1108\u20131111 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"886_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14492","volume":"25","author":"M Lesiv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lesiv, M. et al. Estimating the global distribution of field size using crowdsourcing. Glob. Change Biol. 25, 174\u2013186 (2019).","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"886_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25181","volume":"553","author":"DJ Weiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiss, D. J. et al. A global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015. Nature 553, 333\u2013336 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"886_CR71","unstructured":"Global Agro-Ecological Zones (GAEZ v3. 0) (IIASA and FAO, accessed 24 July 2020)."},{"key":"886_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184479","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184479","volume":"12","author":"A Heinimann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heinimann, A. et al. A global view of shifting cultivation: recent, current, and future extent. PLoS ONE 12, e0184479 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"886_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","volume":"349","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamseer, L. et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ 349, g7647 (2015).","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Nature Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-022-00886-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-022-00886-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-022-00886-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T08:41:42Z","timestamp":1669365702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-022-00886-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-022-00886-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-9629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-9629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}