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A more robust and compact medium for amplifying and manipulating intense laser pulses is plasma. Here we demonstrate, experimentally and through simulations, that few-millijoule, ultra-short seed pulses interacting with 3.5-J counter-propagating pump pulses in plasma, stimulate back-scattering of nearly 100 mJ pump energy with high intrinsic efficiency, when detuned from Raman resonance. This is due to scattering off a plasma Bragg grating formed by ballistically evolving ions. Electrons are bunched by the ponderomotive force of the beat-wave, which produces space-charge fields that impart phase correlated momenta to ions. They inertially evolve into a volume Bragg grating that backscatters a segment of the pump pulse. This, ultra-compact, two-step, inertial bunching mechanism can be used to manipulate and compress intense laser pulses. We also observe stimulated Compton (kinetic) and Raman backscattering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-01109-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T15:06:49Z","timestamp":1673622409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The role of transient plasma photonic structures in plasma-based amplifiers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4040-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Vieux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Cipiccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor H.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6723-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Yoffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"G\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Tooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Ersfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengt","family":"Eliasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Picken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"McKendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MinSup","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dino A.","family":"Jaroszynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1109_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4018(85)90120-8","volume":"56","author":"D Strickland","year":"1985","unstructured":"Strickland, D. & Mourou, G. 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